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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Demography |
Study of pop structure and growth Driven by 4p3 |
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Demography variablea |
4p3, gender ratios, age ratio, Nc, Ne |
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Age pyramid |
Females and males differ in when reproductive potential ends (fecundity) |
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What is the standard method for looking at demographics? |
Life tables |
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When were life tables introduce to ecology and by who |
1926 Raymond pearl |
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Lifetables |
Age specific summary of N/M of a specific cohort |
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Cohort |
Members of a population that are the same age |
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How do we form cohorts? How many individuals make up a cohort |
Single gender, born/hatched same year 1,000 individuals |
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LT - x, nx, lx, dx, qx |
x - Age class nx - Individuals alive in age class lx - Proportion of individuals suriving from start of table to next class dx - death during age class qx - per capita death rate |
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lx and qx formulas |
lx = nx / no (no - original cohort number) qx = dx / nx |
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Type I survivorship curve |
Lowish M across age groups until oldest Humans and # of other mamms |
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Type II survivorship curve |
Constant death rate Birds, fish |
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Type III survivorship curve |
High M with young, low M for rest of life Fish, inverts, parasites |
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3 types of data we can collect for LT |
Survivorship directly observed (follow cohort throughout life) Age at death Age structure directly observed |
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3 types of LT |
Dynamic Static Dynamix composite |
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Dynamic LT |
Cohort throughout life Lifetime monitoring |
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Static LT |
Sample pop in real time (age, sex, etc) Build snapshot |
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Dynamic composite LT |
Sample individuals across time (artificial cohort) Pool data over time |
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Senescence |
Gradual deterioration of function with age |
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What would a mortality curve look like? |
J shaped |
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Intrinsic capacity for increasing numbers, we work at what level |
Population |
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Pop lvl characteristics we look at |
Ave realized longevity Ave survival rate Ave N Ave growth rate |
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What determines the averages? |
Resources |
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Biotic vs abiotic resources |
Nutrient, predators, disease, parasites, symbiotes, competition Vs Environment (climate, weather, element availability) |
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Organismal capacity for increasing will depend on what 3 things |
Fecundity/fertility Longevity Speed of development |
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How to measure the capacity? (Formula) |
bx = # female offspring / # female in age group |
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Total fertility rate (TFR) |
# of live births to an average female over reproductive life span |
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Why is repro lifespan window increasing? |
Endocrine disruptors that mimic natural hormones |
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Birth rate |
Birth per 1000 fem in age class |
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Net reproduction rate (Ro) |
Ave # of fem offspring produced by fem in lifetime |
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Ro formula |
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Ro values of >1, =1, <1 mean what |
Ro>1 means pop is growing Ro=1 means pop is stable Ro<1 means pop is shrinking |
