Animal Diversity

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Ediacaranbiota

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Early group of fossils that were soft bodied multicellular eukaryotes

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Tissues

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Groups of cells that act as a functional unit

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Amoebocytes

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Sponge mobile cells

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Gastrovascular cavity

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Opening functioning as a mouth and anus

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Cambrian explosion

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Increase in the diversity of animals in Cambrian period (535-525 million years ago)

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Bilaterians

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Clade that has a complete digestive tract and two-sided form

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Characteristics of pre Cambrian animals (4)

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1) lack of predation

2) grazers

3) filter feeders

4) scavengers

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The increase in the diversity of large animals during the Cambrian explosion was accompanied by...

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A decline in the diversity of edicarian life-forms (they got ate)

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Body plan

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Particular set of morphological and developmental traits integrated into a functional whole animal

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Radial symmetry

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Several ways to divide the organism into identical halves

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Bilateral symmetry

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Can be divided only along one plane, the midline of the body to produce identical right and left sides.

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Dorsal

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Top side

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Ventral

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Bottom side

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Anterior

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Front end

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Posterior

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Back end

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Animal body plans vary with regard to...

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Tissue organization

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In animals "true tissues"...

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Are isolated from other tissues by membranous layers

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Germ layers

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Embryo layering during development that form various tissues and organs of the body

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Ectoderm

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Germ layer covering the surface of the embryo which gives rise to the outer covering of the animal and in some phyla the central nervous system

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Endoderm

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The innermost germ layer giving rise to the lining of the digestive tract and organs such as the liver and lungs of vertebrates

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Mesoderm

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The third germ layer and bilaterally symmetric animals which fills much of the space between the ectoderm and endoderm (from the muscles and other organs between the digestive tract in the outer covering of the animal in bilaterally symmetric animals)

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Body cavity

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(in most bilaterals) a fluid or air filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall (also called the coelom)

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Eumetazoans

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"true tissue" clade

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Invertebrate

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Animals that lack a backbone (most animals in phylum)

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Vertebrates

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Animals with a backbone only includes chordata phylum of animals

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3 bilateral radiatia clades

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1) lophotrochozoa

2)ecdysozoa

3)deutostomia

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The 3 clades of bilateral radiatia include...(3)

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1) mostly invertebrates

2) 95% of the known animal species

3) most animals in the first two clades

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Visceral mass

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Containing most of the internal organs

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Mantle

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Fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and produces a shell if present

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Anthropods

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Phyla with segmented bodies, hard exoskeletons, and joined appendages

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Animal groups are characterized by...

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Body plans

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Three types of symmetry

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1)asymmetrial

2)radial

3) bilateral

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Sponges have what type of symmetry

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Asymmetrial

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Body cavities only occur in...

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Triploblasts (have 3 germ layers(

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Acoelomate (flatworms)

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No cavity, tissue filled

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Pseudocoelomate (roundworms)

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Cavity formed between the endoderm and mesoderm

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Coelomate (earthworm)

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Surrounded entirely by mesodermal tissue

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Lophotrochozoa

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widest range of body forms that are identified by molecular data

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Two defining morphological characteristics of lophotrochozoa

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1) larval form (trochophore larval)

2) u-shaped feeding structure (lophophore)

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What is a ciliated band around the center of larva lophotrochozoa for?

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Used in swimming

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3 need to know phyla in lophotrochozoa

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1)platyhelminthes (flatworms)

2) annelids (ringworm)

3) molluscs

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Ecdysozoa

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Clade of animals that are sister taxa to the lophotrochozoa defined by ecdysis

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Ecdysis

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Molting of the cuticle(exoskeleton)

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2 need to know phyla in ecdysozoa

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1)nematoda (roundworms)

2)arthropoda (have exoskeletons)

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Metazoa

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All animals

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Deuterostomia

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Anus develops first

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Three major functions of a body cavity

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1) cushions and suspends organs

2) enables organs to grow and move independently of the outer body Wall

3) contains non compressible fluid that acts like a skeleton against which muscles can work

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Fossil evidence for Animals dates back to...

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560 million years ago

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The Cambrian explosion occurred...

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Between 535 million and 525 million years ago

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Which animal phyla arose during the Cambrian explosion

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Chordates and echinoderms

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Are all animals complex and multicellular

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Yes

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Are all eukaryotes complex

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No the majority are single celled

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Two major groups of protostomes

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Ecdysozoa and lophotrochozoa

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Is vertebrata a phylum?

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No it's a clade