Animal Development, Digestive And Circulatory Systems

Front 1

Internal Fertilization

Back 1

Fertilization that occurs inside the female

Front 2

External Fertilization

Back 2

Fertilization that occurs outside both the male and female. An example is frogs

Front 3

Zygote

Back 3

Diploid cell formed by the union of a sperm and an egg

Front 4

Cleavage

Back 4

Rapid series of cell divisions immeadiately following fertilization

Front 5

Blastomeres

Back 5

Cells that result from cleavage

Front 6

Holoblastic Cleavage

Back 6

the cleavage furrow passes completely through the cells

Front 7

Blastocoel

Back 7

Fluid filled cavity inside the blastula

Front 8

Sexual reproduction

Back 8

meiosis and gamete formation typically occur in two prospective parents

Front 9

Asexual reproduction

Back 9

single parent organism produces identical offspring by one of a variety of methods

Front 10

Parthenogenesis

Back 10

development of offspring from an unfertilized egg

Front 11

Stages in animal development

Back 11

1. Gamete formation
2. Fertilization
3. Cleavage
4. Gastrulation
5. Organ Formation
6. Growth Tissues

Front 12

Gamete formation

Back 12

stage in animal development where eggs or sperm develop in reproductive tissues and organs

Front 13

Fertilization

Back 13

Stage in animal development that begins when a sperm penetrates an egg and ends when a zygote is formed

Front 14

Cleavage

Back 14

Stage in animal development where mitotic divisions increase number of cells and yeild a blastula

Front 15

Gastrulation

Back 15

Stage in animal development where structural reorganization occurs

Front 16

Organ Formation

Back 16

Stage in animal development that begins as cells become distinct subpopulations Selective group expression is seen here

Front 17

Growth and Tissue specialization

Back 17

Stage in animal development where tissues and organs mature in size, shape, porportion, and function

Front 18

Blastopore

Back 18

Opening of archenteron to the outside

Front 19

Archenteron

Back 19

the new cavity that is formed that is the beginning of the digestive system

Front 20

Three new layers of cell

Back 20

ectoderm- skin, nervous system
Mesoderm- skeletal muscle and circulatory system
Endoderm- digestive system

Front 21

Neurolation

Back 21

Begins with the formation of neural folds and includes the formation of the spinal cord

Front 22

Vertebrates

Back 22

Organisms that have a vertebral column that protects the spinal cord

Front 23

Stomach

Back 23

Primary role is to temporarily store food

Front 24

Pyloric Sphincter

Back 24

the juncture between the stomach and small intestine

Front 25

Pepsin

Back 25

Protein digesting enzyme that works best in an acidic environment

Front 26

Gastric Ulcer

Back 26

occurs where the stomach lining is being eaten away by contents of the stomach

Front 27

Peristalsis

Back 27

Rhythmic contractions of the lining of the gut that helps force food through the sphincter

Front 28

Pancreas

Back 28

Produces all the enzymes necessary for the digestion of food. Contains pancreatic juice

Front 29

Alkaline Composition

Back 29

Brings the pH level of the small intestine back to around seven. It is basic

Front 30

Gallbladder

Back 30

Stores the bile that is produced in the liver

Front 31

Insulin

Back 31

Produced by the pancreas and is necessary to maintain constant blood sugar level

Front 32

Artery

Back 32

takes blood away from the heart

Front 33

Arterioles

Back 33

a smaller version of the artery

Front 34

Capillaries

Back 34

small blood vessels found in the tissue. Have a thin wall which allows for material to pass through

Front 35

Veins

Back 35

Blood vessels taking blood towards the heart

Front 36

Superior Vena Cava

Back 36

Major vein that brings blood from the entire upper portion of the body back to the heart

Front 37

Inferior vena cava

Back 37

returning blood back to the heart from the lower part of the body

Front 38

Systole

Back 38

A contraction of the heart

Front 39

Atrioventricular valve

Back 39

between the right atrium and the right ventricle. A one way valve into the right ventricle

Front 40

Diastole

Back 40

A relaxation of one of the chambers of the heart

Front 41

Bicuspid Valve

Back 41

One way valve that only opens into the left ventricle

Front 42

Blood Pressure

Back 42

Systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure. Measured in mm of Hg.

Front 43

cardiac muscle

Back 43

Able to contract on its own. Does not require the nervous system to tell it when to contract

Front 44

Synoatrial node

Back 44

signaling device that triggers contraction of the heart. Causes atria to contract at the same time

Front 45

Atrioventricular node

Back 45

signal that reaches the AV node is then sent over thefibers causing the ventricles to contract