Animal Development 2

Front 1

Gastrulation results in a ___ layer embryo

Back 1

3

Front 2

In gastrulation the neural plate forms into the ____ ____

Back 2

neural tube

Front 3

In gastrulation, the mesoderm subdivides into 3 structures: the ______, _______, and ______

Back 3

notochord, somites, lateral

Front 4

In gastrulation, the archenteron forms the ____

Back 4

gut

Front 5

Repeating segments of tissue formed form the mesoderm on either side of the neural tube (chicken gastrulation)

Back 5

somites

Front 6

Each somite divides into ____ layers of cells

Back 6

3

Front 7

The upper layer of cells formed the somites will contribute to the _____

Back 7

skin

Front 8

The middle layer of cells formed from the somites will contribute to the ______

Back 8

muscles

Front 9

The lower layer of cells formed from the somites (mesenchyme) will form the ______ of the ______ and _____

Back 9

cartilage of the vertebrae and ribs

Front 10

_______ involves decisions about which regions of embryo become certain structures.

Back 10

Patterning

Front 11

The process of becoming determined to a particular fate is often the result of ______ ______

Back 11

embryonic induction

Front 12

How to determine whether the specialized cells of a particular region of the patterned embryo derived from specific regions of the earlier unpatterned embryo

Back 12

Fate mapping

Front 13

In fate mapping, cells of an early embryo are ____ with a ___ which does not spread of fade. They then determine which structures have ____ in later stages.

Back 13

marked; dye; dye

Front 14

True or False: Provided that an amphibian embryo is not disturbed, a region of the later embryo consistently develops from a particular region of the earlier embryo. Fate can therefore be determined.

Back 14

True

Front 15

______ _____ _____ migrate between the different layers of somite cells to produce nerves and other tissues

Back 15

Neural crest cells

Front 16

Frog fate map:

The _____ will form the epidermal layer of skim

Back 16

ectoderm

Front 17

Frog fate map:

The neural ectoderm (midline) will form the _____ ______ ______

Back 17

central nervous system

Front 18

Frog fate map:

The ____ _______ is the site where major cell movement will begin

Back 18

gray crescent

Front 19

Frog fate map:

_____ will form the lining of the gut, the liver, and the lungs

Back 19

Endoderm

Front 20

Frog fate map:

_____ will form muscle, bone, kidneys, blood, gonads, and connective tissues

Back 20

Mesoderm

Front 21

Transplantation experiments:

Ectodermal cells decide during _____ whether to later become epidermal or neural cells. Spatial information is important in the decision making process. These cells are not determined at the late ______ stage

Back 21

gastrulation; blastula

Front 22

The cells of the _____ ______ ___ can induce other cells to change their developmental fates.

Back 22

dorsal lip blastopore

Front 23

Mangold-Spemann:

The graft tissue, _____ ____, makes structures typical of its site of origin. It is already _____.

Back 23

dorsal mesoderm; determined

Front 24

Mangold-Spemann:

The host-ectoderm overlaying the graft produces an additional _____ _____/____ and can make a complete miniature _____ _____ if graft is large.

Back 24

neural plate/tube; nervous system

Front 25

Mangold-Spemann:

_______ ______ produces a stimulus which induces the overlaying ectoderm to become neural. This is an example of ______ _____

Back 25

Dorsal mesoderm; embryonic induction

Front 26

Mangold-Spemann:

In normal development, the neural plate forms from cells which are underlain by the _____ ____

Back 26

dorsal mesoderm

Front 27

Mangold-Spemann:

The region of the dorsal lip that induces the neural plate is called the _____

Back 27

organizer

Front 28

The organizer sends out atleast ____ signal(s)

Back 28

2

Front 29

______ signal: this signal binds to BMP4 to _____ it. BMP4 encourages the formation of ectoderm and prevents _____ development. The signal released from the organizer thereby inhibits an _____ of neural formation

Back 29

Neuralizing; inactivate; neural; inhibitor

Front 30

The second signal sent from the organizer instructs the lateral adjacent mesoderm to form the ______

Back 30

somites

Front 31

What organizes the organizer?

Back 31

The fertilization of the egg by the sperm.

Front 32

The region of the egg in the animal pole rotates towards.....

Back 32

the site of sperm entry

Front 33

Cortical rotation establishes the ____/____ axis and produces the ____ _____

Back 33

dorsal/ventral; gray crescent

Front 34

The grey crescent is the future site of the _____ ____. Embryos which lack a grey crescent fail to develop a _____ _____

Back 34

dorsal lip; nervous system