Animal Cells

Front 1

This part of the cell encloses the cell and seperates it from the enviroment.

Back 1

cell membrane

Front 2

This part of the cell may also be referred to as the plasma membrane.

Back 2

cell membrane

Front 3

This part of the cell is composed of a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids with globular proteins embedded in the layers.

Back 3

cell membrane

Front 4

This part of the cell is extremely thin and elastic.

Back 4

cell membrane

Front 5

Why is the lipid bilayer and embedded proteins structure of the cell important?

Back 5

it allows the cell to determine what molecules and ions can enter and leave the cell, and regulate the rate at which they leave and enter.

Front 6

This part of the cell forms when the plasma membrane of a cell surrounds a molecule outside the membrane, then releases a membrane bound sack containing the desired molecule or substance into the cytoplasm.

Back 6

endocytic vesicles

Front 7

The formation of the endocytic vesicles allow the cell to:

Back 7

absorb larger molecules than would be able to pass through the cell membrane, or that need to remain packaged within the cell.

Front 8

This part of the cell is projections of the cell from the cell membrane.

Back 8

microvilli

Front 9

Microvilli increase the _____ ____ of the cell membrane, increasing the area available to absorb nutrients.

Back 9

surface area

Front 10

The ______ provides structural support to a cell.

Back 10

cytoskeleton

Front 11

This part of the cell are long, hollow, cylindrical protein filaments, which give structure to the cell.

Back 11

microtubules

Front 12

These filaments are scattered around the edges of a cell and form a sort of loose skeleton or framework for the cytoplasm.

Back 12

microtubules

Front 13

These are found at the base of the cilia or flagella and give these organelles the ability to move.

Back 13

microtubules

Front 14

These are organelles which allow some cells to move on their own.

Back 14

flagella

Front 15

These are double-stranded chians of proteins which serve to give structure to the cell.

Back 15

microfilaments

Front 16

Together, these two cell parts provide to give stability and structure to the cell

Back 16

microtubules and microfilaments

Front 17

These are structural components of many cells, and are ubes constructed of a geometrical arrangement of microtubules in a pinwheel shape.

Back 17

centrioles

Front 18

One function of these include the formation of microtubules.

Back 18

cetrioles

Front 19

The primary funtion of ______ is the formation of structural skeleton around which cells split during mitosis and meiosis.

Back 19

centrioles

Front 20

______ _______ are similiar in structure to centrioles, but their function is to anchor and ain in the movement of flagella or cilia.

Back 20

Basal bodies

Front 21

These are the site of protein synthesis within cells.

Back 21

Ribosomes

Front 22

These are composed of certain protein molecules and RNA molecules.

Back 22

Ribosomes

Front 23

These float unattached within the cytoplasm and synthesize proteins that are made for use in the cytoplasm.

Back 23

Free Ribosomes

Front 24

These are attached to the ER and synthesize proteins destined for use within membrane-bound organelles.

Back 24

attached ribosomes

Front 25

This is a large organization of folded membranes and is reponsible of delivery of lipids and proteins to certain areas within the cytoplasm.

Back 25

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 26

true/false: The rough endoplasmic reticulum has no attached ribosomes.

Back 26

false

Front 27

true/false: The rough endoplasmic reticulum has attached ribosomes.

Back 27

true

Front 28

true/false: The RER is instrumental to photosynthesis.

Back 28

true

Front 29

This is a network of membranous channels that processes lipids, fats, and steriods.

Back 29

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 30

This is instrumental in the storing, packaging, and shipping of proteins.

Back 30

golgi appartatus/bodies/complex

Front 31

This looks much like stacks of hollow pancakes and is constructed of folded membranes, within these membranes cellular products are stored or packaged.

Back 31

golgi apparatus/bodies/comples

Front 32

These are pakcets of material packaged by either the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum.

Back 32

secretory vesicles

Front 33

These carry substances produced within the cell to the cell membrane.

Back 33

secretory vesicles

Front 34

When the vesicle membrane fuses with the cell membrane, allowing the substance to escape the cell it is called:

Back 34

exocytosis

Front 35

These are membrand-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes.

Back 35

lysosomes

Front 36

These digest unused materials within the cell, damaged corganelles, or materials absorbed by the cell for use.

Back 36

lysosomes

Front 37

These are centers of cellular respiration, and are more numeroud in cells requiring more energy (ie muscle cells).

Back 37

mitochondria

Front 38

These are self-replicating, containing their own DNA,RNA, and ribosomes.

Back 38

mitochondria

Front 39

These have a double membrane; the internal membrane is folded, and cellular respiration reactions occur along the folds of the internal membrane.

Back 39

mitochondria

Front 40

The folds of the internal membrane in mitochondria are called:

Back 40

cristae

Front 41

These cell parts are thought to be an evolved form of primitive bacteria.

Back 41

mitochondria

Front 42

The concept that mitochondria were a primitive form of bacteria that lived in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells more than 2 billion years ago is:

Back 42

endosymbiont hypothesis

Front 43

This hypothesis explains why mitochondria have many of the neccessary components for life on their own.

Back 43

endosymbionent hypothesis

Front 44

This organelle is surrounded by two lipid bilayer membranes and contains chromosomes, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, and nucleoli.

Back 44

nucleus

Front 45

This is a arounded area within the nucleus of the cell where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.

Back 45

nucleolus

Front 46

true/false: A nucleus can have more than one nucleolus.

Back 46

true

Front 47

This is the boundary between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Back 47

nuclear membrane

Front 48

The nuclear membrane double membrane allows for entrance and exit of certain molecules through the _____ ______.

Back 48

nuclear pores

Front 49

These are the points at which the double nuclear membrane fuses together, forming a passageway between the inside of the nucleus and the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.

Back 49

nuclear pores

Front 50

These allow the cell to selectively move molecules in and out of the nucleus.

Back 50

nuclear pores