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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tinbergen’s 4 questions
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adaptation, ontogeny, phylogeny, and causation
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internal mech that alows animals to time processes and activities
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Biological clock
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explains maladaptive traits as being caused by related adaptive ones indirectly.
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by-product hypothesis
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group of cells in CNS that produces a certain pattern of signals need for functional behavioural response.
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central pattern generator
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daily cycle
annual cycle of behaviour independent of env changes |
circadian rhythm
circannual rhythm |
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neural cluster w/ primary responsibility for control of a particular behaviour
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command center
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fitness payoffs to individuals set to mutual cooperation generates lower return than defection
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Prisoner's dilemma
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females gain fitness by mating w/ already mated male if his resources>>unmated male's
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polygny threshold model
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polygynous males aquire get several females b/c of their display territory which females are attracted to
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lek polgny
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trait appears to reduce fitness but still seen in a spp
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Darwinian puzzle
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sum of direct and indirect fitness
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inclusive fitness
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testing env hypothesis by comparisons of know related species
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comparative method
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fitness that is conferred through helping raise related young
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indirect fitness
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nerve cell relays messages receptor neurons to CNS or CNS to muscle cells
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interneuron
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especially attractive male
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hotshot
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innate stereotypical response triggered by a simple stimulus. once initiated the response if completed in full
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fixed action pattern
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hypothetical neural mech thought to control innate response to sign stimulus
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innate releasing nechanism
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genetically distinctive set of rules for behaviour exhibited by individuals
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strategy
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behavioural pattern enabled by underlying hereditary mechanism of some sort
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tactic
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social units form based on the ablity of individuals to negotiate for repro opportunieits
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transactional theory
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distribution of animals free to choose where they go to maximize fitness
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ideal free distribution
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beneficial for mate to stay and help in rearing its mate's offspring than seeking other sexual partners
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mate- assistance monogamy
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why females might mate with multiple males in a breeding cycle polyandrous females get the material benefits offered by each male
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material benefits hypothesis
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#of receptive males vs receptive females
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operational sex ratio
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based on assumption that attributes of organisms are optimal
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optimality theory
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A ______ ______ is a group of individuals that use other individuals as living shields against predators.
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selfish herd
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A cycle of activity that is not matchd to environmental cues is called a _______ - _________ ______.
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free-running cycle
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postcopulatory ability of females to favor one male of the same species over another
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cryptic female choice
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helpful action is repaid later by reciever of action
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reciproctiy/reciprocal altruism
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is a strategy which, if adopted by a population of players, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy that is initially rare.
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evolutionarily stable strategy
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polygynous males can defend multiple mates
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female defense polygyny
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large groups of males gather temporarily at one breeding location and compete for the female.
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explosive breeding assemblage
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mating with a partner outside of an animal's monogamous relationship
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extra-pair copulation
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females are attracted to a resource a male possesses
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resource defense polygyny
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being able to take out the important parts of sensory stimuli and use them to integrate the info
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stimulus filtering
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where the outcome debends on the situaiton of the 2 parties invloved
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game theory
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