Animal Behavior Exam #3

Front 1

optimal foraging theory

Back 1

includes:
1) prey-opening time
2) time wasted trying but failing to get prey
3) actual size range of realistically available prey

Front 2

frequency-dependent selection

Back 2

two strategies can coexist indefinitely, selection of one type is dependent on the frequency of the other type
(Positive or Negative

Front 3

detoxification hypothesis

Back 3

some animals will eat things like clay in order to detoxify certain kinds of foods

Front 4

round dance vs. waggle dance

Back 4

round dance- food is nearby

Front 5

patchiness

Back 5

when the resources are not evenly distributed

Front 6

risk taking behavior

Back 6

have to take risks to get benefits, to eat, to reproduce, etc.

Front 7

marginal value theorem

Back 7

mathematical equation to make certain predictions, maximize curve to optimiza patch for a forager. stay until marhinal rate of food intake is equal to that of average food intake across all patches

Front 8

information center hypothesis

Back 8

many animals form dense nesting colonies or nighttime roosts that bring large number of individuals into close contact, follow others to food

Front 9

osprey and alewife

Back 9

osprey- use information centers, follow successful hunters back out

Front 10

perisoddus

Back 10

fish with jaw tilted in one direction, snatch scales form fish they prey on

Front 11

source vs. sink habitats

Back 11

source- where the population grows
sink- where the population declines

Front 12

ideal free distribution theory

Back 12

theory that animals will, if given the chance, distribute themselves spatially in ways that maximize their reproductive success

Front 13

territorial aphid behavior

Back 13

females attack each other for leaves

Front 14

inbreeding depression

Back 14

one of the ideas that when animals leave or disperse it is to reduce inbreeding

Front 15

least terns

Back 15

oNeed open sandy beaches to breed
•Easy for predation

Front 16

lions

Back 16

Male lions disperse, females do not

Front 17

belding's ground squirrels

Back 17

oSex differences in dispersal
-females travel shorter distances, raise offspring with mother
- males move away to avoid competition

Front 18

anisogamy

Back 18

a form of sexual reproduction involving the union or fusion of two dissimilar gametes

--> gametes are different sizes

Front 19

isogamy

Back 19

a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of similar morphology (similar shape and size), differing only in allele expression in one or two genes

--> gametes same size

Front 20

Descent of Man

Back 20

Darwin wanted to explain some traits that seemed maladaptive

o Some traits are maintained because they help you win the competition for mates
• Competition
• Choice
• Purely based on anisogamy you tend to get male-male competition and female choice.

Front 21

Bowerbirds

Back 21

size of bower can indicate parasitic load or territory size

Front 22

Widowbird

Back 22

insanely long tail

Front 23

European Starlings

Back 23

females choose mates based on song length, which actually indicates immunocompetence

Front 24

operational sex ratio

Back 24

ratio of sexually receptive males to receptive females

Front 25

Mormon cricket

Back 25

not a cricket, katydid
-does not fly
-gives huge gift to females, sex role reversal

Front 26

evolution of reproductive behavior

Back 26

stmmed from divergent selection that favored indivduals whose gametes were good at fertilixing, or who have large gametes

Front 27

intra-sexual competition

Back 27

members of one sex compete with one another for access to the other sex

Front 28

peacock eyespots

Back 28

females only care about the number of eyespots, not size or coloring

Front 29

kittiwake

Back 29

can eject sperm
-more likely to use new sperm instead of stored sperm

Front 30

satellite male

Back 30

avoid the pack in an attempt to find females in transit, etc

Front 31

fertilization in birds

Back 31

dunnocks- peck to remove sperm

Front 32

good parent theory

Back 32

explains male ornamentation as indicators of a male's capacity to provide parental care

Front 33

cryptic female choice

Back 33

females choose on something that we don't pick up on

Front 34

healthy mates theory

Back 34

females prefer aspects of males because they indicate health

Front 35

good genes theory

Back 35

females prefer aspects of males because they indicate male survival ability

Front 36

runaway selection theory

Back 36

females prefer aspects of males because they are sexually attractive

Front 37

sperm competition

Back 37

some sperm swim faster, seen in sponge isopods