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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Knockout Gene
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A genetically engineered mutant gene that has been targeted for disruption so that it no longer functions normally.
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Polygenic Trait
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Traits that are influenced by many genes and that are usually continuously distributed within a population.
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Quantitative Genetics
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The study of continuously varying traits.
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Broad Sense Heritability
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The amount of the variance in a trait in a population that is due to genetic factors; defined as the ratio of the variance due to genetic factors to total phenotypic variance; also called realized heritability.
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Narrow Sense Heritability
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A measure of the extent to which genes inherited from parents determine phenotypes; defined as the ratio of the additive genetic variance to total phenotypic variance; also called realized heritability.
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Analogy
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Similarities due to convergent evolution.
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Regression
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It is a statistical analysis technique used to fit a line to data points.
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Industrial Melanism
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The increase in the prevalence of darker colored morphs as a result of environmental changes caused by industrial pollution.
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Phylogeny
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The evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
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Homology
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A similarity between two structures that is due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
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Characters
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An inherited trait that is thought to be independent of other traits, used in constructing a phylogeny.
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Character States
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The value of a particular taxonomic character. (e.g., present or absent, or a particular measurement)
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Cladistics
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A method of reconstructing phylogenies based on the identification of monophyletic groups.
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Monophyletic
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A group of taxa that share a more recent ancestor with each other than they do other groups.
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Polyphyletic
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Taxa that arose from several different ancestors.
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Allopatric Speciation
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The formation of a new species by a process involving geographic barriers.
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Isolating Mechanisms
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Any physical or behavioral characteristic that prevents successful exchange of genes between members of different species or populations.
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Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms
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Isolating mechanisms (barriers to interbreeding) that occur before the formation of zygotes.
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Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms
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Isolating mechanisms (barriers to interbreeding) that occur after the formation of zygotes.
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Sympatry
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Populations or species with overlapping geographic distributions. Contrast with allopatry.
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Reinforcement of Prezygotic Isolation
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The concept that prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms may be under direct selection.
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