Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Explain FAP and IRM using the graylag goose and egg study
|
-Egg removed from greylag goose and moved away from nest
-Goose retrieves egg by extending neck, tucking egg and rolling it back. -Fake egg replacing real egg still stimulates retrieval behavior -If egg were removed as goose pushed it into nest, goose would still push "no egg" into nest. -Tinbergen/lorenz conclude mechanism allows goose to respond to visual cues in fixed response. |
|
|
What is ethology
|
The study of proximate and ultimate behavior.
Tinbergen and Lorenz Covers instincts, FAPs, IRMS Pecking and retrieval behaviors among others studied by ethologists |
|
|
What is an instinct?
|
A behavior pattern that appears in fully functional form the first time it is performed even though the animal may have had no previous experience with the cues that elicit the behavior.
|
|
|
Examples of instinct
|
Baby coastal garter snakes flicking tongues to the extract of a banana slug
|
|
|
Why aren't instincts genetically determined?
|
Because they are dependent on the gene-environment interactions that take place during development.
|
|
|
Explain the IRM or Innate Releasing Mechanism
|
The network that enables an animal to identify a stimulus and respond to that stimulus in a fixed action pattern. For example, a baby gull detects the releaser that is the parents spotted bill using visual cues - tactile cues produced by the baby gull pecking then act as a releaser for the parent gull to provide food. The brain's ability to detect and respond to these stimulus cues is the IRM
|
|
|
How do codebreakers exploit FAPs?
|
Codebreakers such as the cuckoo mimic the releasers that elicit a feeding response in other birds. This way, they can stimulate feeding for themselves which disadvantages another species' offspring. As the cuckoo offspring grow larger, they are better fit to further stimulate the releasers
|
|
|
How do mimetic pheromones interfere with FAPs in a deceptive manner?
|
Bolas spiders release mimetic sex pheromones that attract moths
Moth's FAP responds in such a way that moth flies toward pheromone Spider sends glue-ball toward moth and catches it. Olfactory cues are picked up by two kinds of moths at different times of evening that reflect the moth's prime mating time. |
|
|
How do Noctuid moths avoid bats?
|
Detecting acoustic cue triggers dive flight pattern that takes moth out of line of attack.
Bat sounds between 20 and 80 kHz, which is picked up by moth. A1 and A2 receptors are linked to tympanum that vibrates and releases AP to interneurons depending on the intensity of the sound (A1 affected by low and A2 affected by super high). The motor neurons affected by the A1 and A2 receptors effect flight pattern of the moth, allowing it to detect the bat and fly away - if the moth is TOO close, the A2 receptor shuts down and the moth takes a dive in this momentary inhibited movement -then resyncs again to balance flight, (When bat is above or behind A1 = synced) When bat is on side - closer A1 fires faster. |
|
|
How are bats able to avoid obstacles that humans cannot avoid
|
They cannot hear the same frequencies we hear -therefore, the environment must be "loud" in ultrasound to obstruct a bat's normal flight.
Additionally, noctuid moths can filter out unnecessary stimuli in order to focus on the stimuli that may affect life/death. |
