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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of animal behavior |
Ethology |
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Proximate |
How |
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Ultimate |
Why |
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Once a stimulant initiates the response, it will continue to completion even when the stimulant is withdrawn |
Fixed action pattern |
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How learning affects behavior. 5 things |
Imprinting Habituation Associative learning Observational learning Cognition |
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Sensitive period |
The time imprinting can occur |
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Habituation |
Learning not to respond (noseblind) |
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Associative learning |
Like conditioning Operant vs classical |
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Operant |
Behavior --> consequences |
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Classical conditioning |
Stimulant 1 --> stimulant 2 Treat + sound |
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Observational learning |
Monkey see monkey do |
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Cognition |
Reasoning, problem solving, tool use, symbolic communication |
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Spatial learning |
Using landmarks |
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Social learning |
Observation |
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3 Keys to improving survival |
Predator avoidance Finding resources/shelter Balancing forage effort with energy from food |
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Distraction displays |
Kill deers |
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Selfish herd |
Save yourself! |
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Methods of navigating |
Piloting (landmarks) Sun star and magnetic orientation True navigation |
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Optimal foraging theory |
Energy gained for food than energy wasted is maximized |
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3 courtship functions |
Species identification (displays are species specific) Stimulation of hormonal (initiating ovulation) changes in participants Mate quality assessment |
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Sexual dimorphism |
The sexes look very different |
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Intrasexual selection |
Leads to sexual dimorphism Male-male competition |
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Monogamous |
Loves one |
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Polygamy |
Loves many |
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Animals increase confidence in paternity in several ways |
Guarding after copulation Inserting sperm plug Scooping out sperm |
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Advantages of group living |
Finding food Protection from environments Protection from predators |
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Disadvantages of group living c |
Competition Detection Disease |
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Dominance hierarchies |
Decrease competition by reducing time energy and risk of fighting |
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Altruistic |
Lowers one animals fitness for the good of others |
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Direct fitness |
Reproductive success parents to baby |
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Indirect fitness |
Reproductive success cousins and siblings |
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Kin selection |
Reduces direct fitness increased indirect fitness |
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Inclusive fitness |
Sum of direct and indirect fitness |
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Reciprocal altruism |
Helps others to be paid back |
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Eusociality |
Social structure with Division of labor |
