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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Herbert Spencer
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He argued that a behavioral act that is frequently repeatedcan lead to an inherent change of behavior (passed on toprogeny
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George John Romanes
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He argued that instincts, fixed behavioral responses to stimuli,are shaped by natural selection
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Douglas Spalding
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He discovered the behavioral phenomena we know as criticalperiods and imprinting in birds
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Charles Darwin
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Darwin described what is called theprinciple of antithesis (bodily posturesdisplayed when an animal is in aparticular emotional state
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Jacques Loeb
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He is known for his research on tropisms, themovement of an organism in response to astimulus, in relation to instincts, which heargued could be chained together to explainvarious forms animal of behavior
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C. Lloyd Morgan
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Morgan’scanon: higher mental faculties should only be considered asexplanations for behavior if lower faculties can not explainthe behavior |
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Classical Ethology
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Adopted an evolutionary, comparative (many animals) approachbased on the instinctive behavior of animals under naturalconditions
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Comparative Psychology
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Focused on physiological and developmental (learned) aspects ofbehavior on a few kinds of animals (like rats, pigeons, cats)that could be studied in a laboratory under highly controlled(and often quite artificial) conditions
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Nikolass Tinbergen
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His research centered around instinctivebehavior and its elicitation
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Konrad Lorenz
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He is famous for his studies of imprintingand conceptual model of motivation
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Karl von Frisch
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He is most famous for his discovery of thedance language of bees
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fixed action pattern
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The fixed action pattern, a stereotypicalbehavior pattern that is elicited byan environmental stimulus (a signstimulus) or social stimulus (socialreleaser), but does not require anexternal stimulus for its completion
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Edward Thorndike
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He is famous for studies on trial-and-errorlearning and his Law of Effect (in aparticular situation responses thatproduce a satisfying effect become morelikely to occur again and responses that produce adiscomforting effect become less likely to occur again) whichhe argued applied across species
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Ivan Pavlov
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Russian physiologist who studiedenzymes and salivation in dogs
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John Watson
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establishedthe school of behaviorism (a drastic responseto the use of introspection by psychologiststo study consciousness, which heconsidered to be entirely unreliable) Watson conducted the famous Little Albert experiment
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Burrhus Skinner
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He argued that free will in humans is anillusion
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