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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Myocardium
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Cardiac muscle
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Hypertrophy
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increase in muscle size
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enlarged heart
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Hyperplasia
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increase in number of muscles
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Heart Attack
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A blockage occurs in the artery that supplies blood to a certain muscle in the heart. Causes muscle to "die" and is not susceptible to nerve impulses.
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Causes of enlarged heart in dogs
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1) Heartworms. They eventually enter the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
2)Parvo- one strain can cause heart blockage, leading to this condition and can cause sudden death. |
Common things. One parasite and one virus.
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What chemicals cause muscle contraction?
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Actin and Myosin. Attracted to each other only in the presence of Calcium, released by a nerve impulse.
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3 things muscles have the ability to do
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1) Become excited- respond to a stimulus.
2) Extend or stretch with help of an outside force. 3) Contract back to normal size (muscle memory). |
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Atrophy
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Deterioration of muscle due to disuse.
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Age of Puberty in Horses
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14 to 24 months
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Age of Puberty in Cows
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9-12 months
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Age of Puberty in Sheep
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7-8 months
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Age of Puberty in Swine
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5-7 months
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Age of Puberty in Cats/Dogs
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about 6 months
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Interstitial Substances
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substances between cells in tissue
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Epithelial Tissue
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skin- for protection of the body.
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Connective Tissue
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for support of the body
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Muscle Tissue
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contraction and movement of the body
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Nervous System
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for conduction of nerve impulses throughout the body
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Blood and Lymph
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supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues, aid in removal of waste products. Lymph "bathes" tissues.
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Seven types of epithelial tissue
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Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated, mucous membranes, stratified, glandular.
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Squamous Tissue
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Outermost layer of epithelial tissue.
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skin
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Cuboidal Tissue
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Epithelial cells, usually found in a single layer. May be stratified, lines ducts in the body.
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ducts
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Columnar Tissue
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Tall, elongated epithelial cells that line the G.I. tract and aid in digestion.
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Ciliated Tissue
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Epithelial cells covered in hairlike structures. These cells line the oviduct,and help propel sperm and ovum toward one another.
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Mucous Membranes
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Lines the eyes, mouth, nose, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and digestive tracts.
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Stratified Tissue
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many layers of epithelial cells together.
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Glandular Tissue
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involved in secretion and excretion. The epithelium that forms the secreting surface of a gland.
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Seven types of connective tissue
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yellow elastic, dense connective, collagenous, reticular, areolar, adipose, cartilage.
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two types of dense connective tissue
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tendon- attaches muscle to bone
ligament- attaches bone to bone |
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reticular tissue
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a network of cells, found in bone marrow and the spleen.
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Areolar tissue
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attaches skin to underlying tissues
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adipose tissue
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fat found throughout the body, insulates muscles.
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3 types of cartilage
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Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage
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smooth, found on the end on bones, reduces friction.
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Fibrocartilage
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discs between vertebra.
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Elastic Cartilage
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found in ear, nose, etc.
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Axial Skeleton
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bones of the vertebral column, ribs, sternum, skull.
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Apendicular skeleton
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bones of the pelvis and limbs
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Epiphysis
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The growth area near the end of a bone.
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Diaphysis
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is the shaft of long bones
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Medullary Cavity
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The marrow cavity in the shaft of a long bone.
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Spongy Substance
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The tissue inside of bones that resembles a sponge or a honeycomb with spaces containing bone marrow or fat.
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Compact Substance
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A type of osseous tissue consisting of closely packed osteons or haversian systems, and forms the extremely hard exterior of bones.
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Periosteum
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The membrane of connective tissue that closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.
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Nutrient Foramen
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The external opening of the nutrient canal in a bone.
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Articular Cartilage
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The cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the bones participating in a synovial joint.
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Epiphyseal Cartilage
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The cartilage that contains an epiphysis, unites it with the shaft, and is the site of longitudinal growth of the bone.
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Pneumatic Bones
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A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells. Also called hollow bone.
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Sesamoid
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A nodular mass of bone or cartilage in a tendon especially at a joint or bony prominence.
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Simple Fracture
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A bone fracture that does not form an open wound in the skin.
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Compound Fracture
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A bone fracture resulting in an open wound through which bone fragments usually protrude.
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Comminuted Fracture
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A fracture in which bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.
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"Greenstick" Fracture
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occurs when the bone cracks and bends but does not completely break; when the bone does break into separate pieces
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Epiphyseal Fracture
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Separation of the epiphysis of a long bone, caused by trauma.
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Osteogenesis
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Development and formation of bone.
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Osteoblasts
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A bone-forming cell.
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Osteoclasts
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Any of the large multinucleate cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing)
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Endochondral Ossification
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The conversion of cartilage into bone. Occurs in the epiphyseal cartilage.
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Epiphyseal Cartilage
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The area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis within which bone growth (endochondral ossification) occurs.
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Synarthrosis
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A type of joint which permits little or no mobility.
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Diarthrosis
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A freely movable joint.
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Amphiarthrosis
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A joint permitting little motion, the opposed surfaces being connected by fibrocartilage, as between vertebrae.
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Striated Muscle
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Skeletal, voluntary, and cardiac muscle, distinguished from smooth muscle by transverse striations of the fibers.
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Endomysium
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The fine connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle fiber.
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Perimysium
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The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of skeletal muscle fibers.
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Epimysium
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The external sheath of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
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Origin
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The tendinous attachment of a muscle to the bone that remains fixed when the muscle contracts.
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Flexor
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A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body.
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Extensor
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A muscle that extends or straightens a limb or body part.
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Adductor
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A muscle that draws a body part, such as a finger, an arm, or a toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity.
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Abductor
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A muscle that draws a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.
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Sphincter
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An annular muscle surrounding and able to contract or close a bodily opening.
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Respiratory Inspiratory
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Breathing in.
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Respiratory Expiratory
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breathing out, exhaling.
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Smooth Muscle
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makes up arteries, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, mammary glands, respiratory system. Controlled by the CNS.
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Cardiac Muscle or Myocardium
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contracts under influence of CNS. Striated. Does not regenerate very well.
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Rigor Mortis
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Muscles shorten/contract, animal stiffnes. Cold weather delays this.
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Glans Penis
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Sensory sex organ in the male.
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Corpus Cavernosum
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A mass of erectile tissue with large interspaces capable of being distended with blood.
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Prepuce
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The retractable fold of skin covering the tip of the penis.
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Urethral Diverticulum
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The canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder in most mammals and through which semen is discharged in the male.
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Scrotum
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The external sac of skin enclosing the testes in most mammals.
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Dartos Muscle
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Thin muscle in scrotum that decreases the size of scrotum when contracted.
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Spermatic Cord
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A group of structures which go through the inguinal canal to the testis. The structures include the vas deferens, arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
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Cremaster Muscle
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A thin muscle consisting of loops of fibers derived from the internal oblique muscle and descending upon the spermatic cord to surround and suspend the testicle.
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Ductus (Vas) Deferens
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The tube connecting the testes with the urethra. A coiled duct that conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra.
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Tunica Vaginalis
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The serous membrane covering the front and sides of the testis and epididymis.
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Tunica Albuginea
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A dense, white, fibrous sheath enclosing the testicle.
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Cells of Leydig
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Interstitial cells that produce testosterone.
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Sertoli Cells
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Provide nutrition for developing sperm.
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Seminiferous Tubules
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Channels in the testis in which the spermatozoa develop and through which they leave the gland.
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Spermatazoa
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male zygote
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Epididymus
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Where sperm are stored and mature.
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