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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why was the Battle of Stamford Bridge significant? |
- The Saxon's beat the Vikings. - Tostig and Harold Hardraada were both killed, which eliminated one of Harold's problems. - Raised the morale of the Saxon army. - They were tired and had to march to Hastings for another battle against the Normans, their tiredness gave William and advantage. |
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The Battle of Hastings! |
- Harold had two types of soldiers in his army: the Fyrd and Housecarls. - William had: foot soldiers, cavalry and archers. - The Saxons had an advantageous position at the top of a hill. - The Saxon's made a shield wall. - The Norman's used a feigned retreat. - William was able to move around the battlefield on horseback. - Harold was in the middle of the first line of the shield wall. - Harold was killed by an arrow after William ordered his archers to aim higher so the arrows fell like rain upon the Saxon army. |
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William's problems. |
- England was a large country. Mountainous regions in the North would be particularly difficult to conquer. - Many English landowners were still alive and opposed to Norman takeover. - William had at most 7,000 men, there were over 2 million Saxons in England. - Some of William's men wanted to return to Normandy, which would weaken his force. - Many of William's men had been killed or wounded during the Battle. - If William gave English land to his men, he would have to take it from the English, which could lead to them rebelling. - There was the threat of a Danish invasion. - William still needed to defend Normandy from enemies in France. |
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The revolt of Earl's Edwin and Morcar, 1060. |
Edwin was angry because William broke a promise to him, he dint trust him to keep his word in the future. William replaced Morcar as Earl of Northumbria. Edwin and Morcar felt humiliated by being shown off like prisoners in Normandy. William led his army North. He stopped in Edwin's land and had castles built. He built land in Morcar's remaining land. Along the way he allowed his men to harry land. |
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Edgar Aethling and the rebellions in the North, 1069. |
They resented the Norman takeover. Edgar hoped to be King. They expected the Danish and the Scottish to help. They feared losing land to the Normans. |
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Edgar Aethling's first rebellion: Early 1069 |
They attacked a Norman army sent to take control of the North. Normans were slaughtered in the streets. the armies leader was burnt to death. A Saxon Army gathered and advanced on York. They lay siege upon a Norman castle. Aethling crossed the Scottish border to lead the rebellion. William marched his army North, leaving a trail of destruction. His arrival broke the siege, the rebels fled, Edgar returned to Scotland. |
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Edgar Aethlings second rebellion: Summer and Autumn 1069 |
240 ships appeared of the coast of Kent, pillaging and raiding until anchoring in the River Humber. Another rebellion broke out in Yorkshire encouraged by Danish support. Edgar Aethling left Scotland again to lead the rebellion. Edgar's army seized York and slaughtered the Norman garrisons. William marched his army North and stormed York. The Saxons fled. The Danes stayed on their ships. |
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Hereward the Wake and the rebellion at Ely, 1070-1071. |
Ely was a large island surrounded by marshland and water, it became the centre for English rebels. Hereward was their leader, he was effective resistance leader but never would've gained enough support to become King. Hereward made an alliance with the Danes. William sent messages to the Danish King offering him money, if the Danes would leave. The Danes sailed home. The Norman army surrounded the Isle. Williams cavalry crossed a bridge onto Ely. A battle started. Hereward escaped during the Battle. Morcar surrendered and was imprisoned for life. Some rebels had their hands or feet cut off, others had their eyes pulled out, as a warning to anyone else considering a rebellion. |
