Angiosperms

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Lilium ovary

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Structure of angiosperm

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Pollon tubes

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Fruit nuts

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Berry

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Berry: fleshy pericarp

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Pepo: berry with hard thick rind

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Dragonfruit

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Coalesced berry

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Maple

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Valley oak with Samaria (one seeded, winged)

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Poaceae: monocots

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Asteraceae: dicots

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What are in poaceae?

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Grass

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What are in asteraceae plant family?

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Daisies, sunflowers, asters

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Hesperidium: berries with leathery rind

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Jujube

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Dried fruits become dry when mature

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All angiosperms are under what phylum?

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Anthophyta

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The haploid male microgametophyte is formed where?

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The anthers

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The haploid female megagametophyte is formed where?

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The pistil

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Double fertilization

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One of the sperm nuclei fertilizes the egg to form a zygote. The second sperm nucleus fuses with the embryo sac which creates a 3n nucleus and eventually gives rise to the endowed (nutritious tissue in ovule)

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What happens after double fertilization?

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1) zygote develops into tint sporophyte embryo

2) rest of the ovule develops into a seed

3) surrounding ovary and tissues develop into fruit

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Male and female reproductive parts evolved from what?

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Sporophylles (spore bearing leaves)

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Pedicle

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The stalk that attaches the flower to the stem

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Receptacle

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The large region at the tip of the pedicle where the flower arises

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Inflorescence

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Cluster of pedicles

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Septals

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The part that enclose and protect flower buds

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Calyx

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All septals of a flower collectively

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Petals

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Visual attractants for pollinators

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Corolla

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All petals of a flower collectively

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Stamens

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Malet reproductice organs (anthers and filaments)

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Filament

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Stalk like structure of the stamen

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Anther

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Contain pollen sacs of stamen

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Carpel

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Female reproductive organ (style, stigma, ovary)

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Stigma

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Receives pollen

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Style

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Where pollen grains produce a pollen tube that extends down to the ovary

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Monocot

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Number of petals, septals, and stamina occur in threes or multiples of threes

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Dicot

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The floral parts occur in fours or fives

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Perfect flower

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A flower with both stamens and pistol but calyx and corollary may be absent (only presence of both sexes)

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Imperfect flower

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A flower that lacks either stamens or pistil

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Stamintate flower

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An imperfect flower that has only stamens

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Pistillate flower

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An imperfect flower thats has pistils only

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Complete flower

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A flower that possesses septals, petals, stamens, and pistil

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Incomplete flower

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A flower that lacks one or more of the four organs types (septals, petals, stamens, pistil)

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Dioescious

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The sexes are separate

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Monoecious

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Both sexes are on the same plant

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What two terms deceive floral symmetry?

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Radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry

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Hypogynous flower

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The ovary is superior

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Epigynous flower

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The ovary is inferious

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What are in the plant family poaceae?

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Grasses (wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice)

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Asteraceae

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1) dicot

2) inflorescnese of many mini flowers that form a floral head

3) disk flowers or ray flowers

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Poaceae

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1) monocots

2) inflorescence

3) wind pollinated

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What produces the pollen tube?

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The vegetative cell of the pollen grain

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Fruit

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Mature ovary or ovaries of an angiosperm

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Zea leaf monocot (parallel venation)

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Coleus stem tip

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Zea stem monocot

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Ligustrum leaf dicot (pinnate)

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Onion root tip

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Ranunculus mature root

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Syringa leaf dicot

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Coleus stem

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Ginger with Rhizome stem to specialize in storage and vegetative reproduction

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Potato with Tuber stem to serve as primary storage organ

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Bulb

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Corm with short thick stems to serve as storage function

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Leaf structure

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whorled

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Leaf structure

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Opposite

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Stolon stem which serve as vegetative reproduction

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Leaf structure

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Alternate

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Lemon grass monocot parallel

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Specialized stems

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What type of venation

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palmate

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Doubly compound

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What type of venation

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Pinnate

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What type of venation

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Pinnate

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Key characteristics of flowering plants

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1) flower

2) reproductive structures

3) pollination

4) double fertilization

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Chart

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Pistil

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1 or more carpels

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Monocots

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1) one seed leaf

2) parallel leaf veins

3) floral parts in multiples of three

4) usually herbaceous (non-woody)

5) roots are fibrous

6) stem vascualr arrangement is scattered

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Endicott (dicots)

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1) 2 cotyledons

2) leaf veneration pinnate or palmate

3) reproductive floral parts in fours or fives

4) usually woody

5) one main tap root

6) stem vascualr arrangement is in a ring

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Chart

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What are the simple tissues?

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1)Epidermis

2) meristem

3) cambium

4) parenchyma

5) collenchyma

6) sclerenchyma

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Epidermis

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Thin layer of cells that cover primary tissues. Cutin forms protective layer of cuticle

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Meristem

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1) Region of active cell division. Found in terminal buds and axillary buds.

2) apical meristems are primary growth (grow up)

3) lateral meristems (Cambrium) are secondary growth (grow horizontal)

¤ cork cambrium are found beneath outer surface and produce cells that become bark

¤ vascualr cambrium has two vascular tissues xylem and phloem

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Parenchyma

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Thin walled large cells with vacuoles for storage. Become important for young plants but not so much for mature plants

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Collenchyma

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Thick walled cell for structure support and can still bend petioles (stalk like portion of a leaf that attaches the leaf to the plant)

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Sclerenchyma

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Similar to collenchyma but provides greater support

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What are the three general patterns of leaves?

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Alternate, whorled, opposite

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Xylem

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1 ( Nonliving cells of tracheids and vessel elements which transport water and mineral from the roots to the leaves

2) may contain parenchyma and fibers

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Phloem

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1)Use living cells of sieve tube elements to transport sugars around

2) may contain companion cells, parenchyma, and fibers

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What are the complex tissues?

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1) Xylem

2) phloem

3) cortex

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Cortex

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1) Not a vascualr tissue but acts as filler tissue for structure and support

2) contain combo of parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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What type of leaf venation

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Palmate: all leaflets emanating from a common point

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What type of leaf venation

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Pinnate: leaflets arising along th length of the petiole

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What type of leaf

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Simple leaf

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What type of leaf

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Compound leaf

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What type of leaf

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Doubly compound leaf

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Monocot root with core of pith surrounded by xylem and phloem

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Dicot root with xylem and phloem in center

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Tendril stem which assist to hold plants in place

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Thorn stem

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Monocot stem

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Dicot stem