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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Major Angiosperm Clades
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Basal Families (pollen usually monocolpate)
Magnoliid Complex Monocots Eudicots |
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Primitive Agiosperm Clades
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Basal Families>>>>earliest flowering plants
ex:amborellaceae, nymphaeceae, illicieae Magnoliid Complex ex:Magnoliaceae (magnolias) Lauraceae (cinamon) Piperaceae (black pepper) |
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Monocots
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monocolpate pollen
floral parts in 3's leaf ventaion is parallel one cotelydon in embryo stems w/ scattered vasc. bundles & no secondary growth. |
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Monocot Families
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1-Liliaceae (lilies)
2-Zingiberaceae (gingers) 3-Dioscoreaceae (yams) 4-Arecaceae (palms, coconut) 5-Poaceae (grasses) 6-Orchidaceae (orchids) |
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Eudicots
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Tricolpate pollen
floral parts in 4's and 5's leaf venation is reticulate and netlike 2 cotyledons vasc. bundles in circ. pattern with secondary growth first root>>>taproots system |
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Eudicots Families
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1-Ranunculaceae (basal eudicot family>>buttercups)
2-Papveraceae (opium poppy) 3-Cayophyllaceae (carnations) 4-Vitaceae (grapes) 5-Fabaceae (beans) 6-Brassicae (cabbage) |
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Flower Parts:
1-pedicel 2-recepticle 3-sepals 4-petals 5-stamens 6-carpels |
1-flower stalk
2-part of pedicel where flowers are attached. 3-outer green leaves 4-lrg clrfl to attrct pllntrs 5-male 6-female |
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Floral Appendages:
1-sepals 2-petals 3-sepals and petals 2gthr |
1-calyx
2-corrolla 3-perianth |
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More Flrl appendeges:
1-stamen |
1-a microsporophyll that consists of a filament, 4 chambered anther (each chamber is a microsporangium). All anther chambers are lined with tapetum which suplies nutrnts to the grwing pollen grains.
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Angio Repro.
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haploid microspores are borne out of meiosis of the diploid microsporocytes inside the anther. these microspores undergo one mitotic division, the resulting 2 cells are a generative cell and a vegatative cell, these 2 mature into the single pollen grain.
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microgametophyte
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pollen
composed of 3 cells. A vegatative cell, and 2 sperm cells. |
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Carpels
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megasporophylls (female). collectively called the gynoecium or pistil. Divided into 3 parts:
1-stigma (receives pollen) 2-style (plln grws dwn thru this) 3-ovary (contains ovules[meiosis occurs here] which are located in the locules{#of these=#ofcarpels} that develp into seeds) |
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Female gametophyte production in ovary
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each megasporanigium cntns one megasporocyte. The diploid megasporocyte in the ovule undergoes meiosis to form 4 nuclei (3 die). The remainin one is the megaspore. This megaspore undergoes mitosis to form 8 haploid nuclei but only 7 cells. 3 are the antipodal cells, one is the egg cell flanked by 2 synergid cells and the last cell is the polar nuclei, which has 2 nuclei in one shared cytoplasm.
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Flower types
1-complete 2-incomplete 3-perfect 4-imperfect |
1-have carpel, anther, sepals and petals
2-lack one of these 4 things 3-bisexual and hermaphroditic 4-unisexual |
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plant types
1-monoecious 2-dioecious |
1-have male and female unisexual flowers on the same plant
2-have male and female unisexual flowers on diff. plants |
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Wind pollnated flwrs
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often unisex flwrs
in N or S temperate regions w/ deciduous frsts. release pollen early in the spring. |
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Rewards for pollinators
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1-nectar
2-protein rich pollen grains 3-site for repro. for the pllntr 4-shelter |
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floral characteristics to enhance pollination
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1-landing strctrs
2-nectar guides 3-nectar spurs 4-mimicry/psedocopulation |
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ways Flwrs enhance pllnation
1-Inflorescence |
many flowers clustered 2geter>>more visible and more fragrant to attrct mre pllnatrs.
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Types of Inflorescence
1-panicle 2-raceme 3-umbel |
1-main axis has branches w/ flwrs on branches
2-single main axis stalk w/ flwrs attached along stalk 3-all flower stalks come from one point |
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Strategies to prevent self-fert
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-stamens and stigma diff height on same flwr
-stamens and stigma mature at diff times -diocious>>unisex flowers on separate plants. -self-incompatability -ability to reject own |