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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pre-anesthetic
opioids |
all have analgesic and mild sedative effects
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pre-anesthetic
NSAIDs |
for pain and swelling
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pre-anesthetic
benzodiazepines |
midazolam/diazepan
muscle relaxers, provide no analgesia |
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pre-anesthetic
acepromazine |
anxiety reducer and sedative
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pre-anesthetic
thiazines |
xylazine/meditomidine
good sedation and muscle relaxation |
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pre-anesthetic
atropine |
prevents bradycardia, dries secretions, decreases gi motility
can cause arrhythmias and is short duration (1 hour) |
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pre-anesthetic
glycopyrrolate |
prevents bradycardia, dries secretions, decreases gi motility
does not cause arrhythmias like atropine, lasts longer (2-3 hours) |
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pre-anesthetic phase
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animals should be fasted (8-12 hr)
water pulled (1-2 hr) pain meds / sedatives / antibiotics muscle relaxers |
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induction phase
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conscious animal goes into unconscious state
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neuroleptanalgesia
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opioid combined with sedative or tranquilizer
for critical or high risk patients because opioids are safer |
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induction
bartibuates |
help to calm the nerves, short acting
cause bradypnea and apnea, decrease in tidal volume / cardiac output / blood pressure dangerous in sight hounds with low fat reserves |
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barbituates
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thiopental (3-5 minutes)
pentobarbital (lasts up to 1 hour) |
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induction
cyclohexamines |
"dissociative agents"
provide unconsciousness and some analgesia but need to be combined with other drugs caused increased muscle tone if given alone, increased sensitivity to sound / light, tachacardia, increased IC pressure, breathing in apneustic pattern |
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cyclohexamines
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ketamine (mixed with medatomadine, diazepan, xylazine, or acepromazine), lasts 2-6 hours
tiletamine (mixed with zolazepam - TELAZOL rx), causes very increased heart rate, last 20-30 min |
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induction
propofol |
only given IV, but has extremely quick induction and quick recovery
can be used for longer procedures if readministered, has no cumulative effects not an analgesic, can cause tissue necrosis if given outside of the vein |
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induction
etomidate |
new drug, works quickly and recovers quickly
heart safe and few negative effects on cerebral perfusion good for heart and brain surgeries |
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maintenance phase
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keeping at a certain depth; use minimum amount of anesthetics to maintain
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maintenance
nitrous oxide (NO2) |
good analgesic / muscle relaxant
does not cause unconsciousness must be mixed with at least 33% oxygen |
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maintenance
halothane |
old-time drug
slight analgesic effects, muscle relaxation and unconsciousness causes fatal arrhythmias, lost is processed through the liver, slow induction and recovery |
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maintenance
isofluorane |
most common drug used, very cost effective
provides great muscle relaxation and unconsciousness may effect heart rate, most of it is excreted through lungs, safe for liver and kidneys quick induction / recovery |
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mainetnance
sevofluorane |
better than iso because is more responsive - quicker induction/recovery
very, very expensive |
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mainetenance
desfluorane |
rarely used in VM
one breath = unconsciousness |
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mainetenance
methoxyfluorane |
no longer allowed in US
half of the drug is excreted through the liver, very hepatotoxic |
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recovery phase
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begins when you turn the anesthetic off, ends when the animal has reflexes and is standing and walking on their own
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