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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 5 purposes of using mechanical ventilation?
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1) Activate pulmonary surfactant
2) Prevent atelectasis 3) Prevent hypercarbia & respiratory acidosis 4) Improve arterial oxygen tension 5) assessment of cuff integrity |
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What are 6 indications to use a mechanical ventilator?
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1) Hypoventilation
2) Thoracic surgery 3) Prolonged surgical procedures 4) Abdominal tympany 5) Use of muscle relaxants 6) Hypoxemia present |
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What is manual ventilation? what's the downfall?
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Compress rebreathing bag
Less consistent |
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How do mechanical ventilators work? What are the benefits of them over manual ventilation? Disadvantage?
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Cycling changes in pressure compress bellows
-more consistent and effective -Can be deleterious |
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What are 3 possible side effects of using a mechanical ventilator?
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1) Barotrauma
2) Affect venous return and lead to hypotension 3) Increase depth of anesthesia -delivers larger tidal vol |
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What are 3 types of ventilators?
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1) Pressure-limited
2) Volume-limited 3) Time cycled |
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When does the inspiratory phase of end when using a pressure- limited ventilator?
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When preset pressure is reached
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What are 3 factors that affect the tidal volume delivered in a pressure- limited vaporizer?
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1) Airway resistance
2) Changes in pulmonary compliance 3) Leaks in the system |
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What determines the tidal volume delivered in a volume-limited ventilator?
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Fixed preset tidal volume delivered
-Consistent TV delivered despite changing pulmonary compliance |
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What is a possible risk associated with the use of a volume-limited ventilator?
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Barotrauma
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What determines the tidal volume delivered in a time-limited vaporizer?
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Preset inspiratory time
-tidal volume proportional to the length of inspiratory time |
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What is a risk of using a time- limited ventilator?
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Barobrauma
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What is a descending bellow?
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Bellows descends during inspiratory phase
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What is an ascending bellow?
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Bellows ascend during inspiratory phase
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What fields use a descending bellow?
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All modern human ventilators
some veterinary ventilators -offers added safety |
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What practices use ascending bellows?
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Early human ventilators
Some vet ventilators -does not have added safety feature |
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Ventilators are typically powered by _____ to improve patient safety.
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Oxygen
-some are powered by oxygen/ air or nitrogen/ air mixtures or air |
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Large animal ventilators require flowrates > _____ to deliver tidal volume within three seconds.
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250 L/m
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What powers large animal ventilators?
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Oxygen /air or nitrogen/ air mixtures or air
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What ventilator is used for foals?
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Human ventilators or small animal ventilators w/ 3 L bellows
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Why don't animals tend to breathe on their own as much when using a mechanical ventilator?
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Because raises the carbon dioxide threshold, which increase in CO2 is what causes animals to breathe
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When do you put an animal on a ventilator (what phase of anesthesia)?
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Wait until patient is in maintenance phase
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How come when we use a mechanical ventilator the delivered tidal volume is less than what was selected?
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Because tubing expands
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What is the normal respiratory rate for small animals? tidal volume? inspiratory pressure?
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RR: 10-12 breahts/ min
TV: 15 mL/kg Inspiratory pressure < 20 cm H2O |
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What is the normal respiratory rate, tidal volume and inspiratory pressure of an adult horse?
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6-8 breaths /min
TV: 15-20 mL/kg Inspiratory pressure: 25-30 cm H2O |
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What is the normal RR, tidal volume and inspiratory pressure of a foal?
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10-12 breaths/min
TV: 15-20 mL/kg Inspiratory pressure: 20-25 cm H2O |
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When using a mechanical ventilatory you must decreased inspired ______,_______,______.
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Anesthetic concentration
Vaporizer setting Flowmeter setting -monitor depth closely |
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What is the normal PaCO2?
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40-45 mmHg
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What is the normal partial pressure of end- tidal carbon dioxide?
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30-45 mmHg
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When using a ventilator what should you do when waking up an animals?
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Decrease minute volume to allow CO2 to accumulate
-reverse muscle relaxants -confirm that the patient can breathe spontaneously before discontinuing |
