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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 5 requirements of euthanasia?
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1) Empathy on your part
2) Humane death 3) As free of pain & distress as possible 4) Death must be verified 5) Can be considered an emergency |
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What are the 8 goals of euthanasia?
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1) Rapid loss of consciousness
2) Respiratory and cardiac arrest 3) Loss of brain function 4) Minimal animal pain & anxiety 5) Reliable 6) Compatible w/ postmortem requirements 7) Compatible w/ other requirements & purposs 8) Minimal unfavorable aesthetics |
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You are explaining the process of euthanasia to some owners, what should they expect of the animal after it passes?
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Vocalization, urination, defecation, muscle twitching, agonal breathing, failure of eyes to close
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What are 4 inhalant agents that can be used to euthanize patients?
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1) Carbon dioxide
2) Nitrogen 3) Argon 4) Carbon monoxide |
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What animals are inhalant agents not appropriate for euthanizing?
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-neonates (<4 mo)
-Diving birds -reptiles & amphibians |
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Anesthetizing agents can be used to euthanize what animals?
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Small rodents (in a bell jar)
-not recommended for larger animals, too slow |
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What animals can carbon dioxide be used to euthanize?
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Small rodents
-not recommended for larger animals, can be too slow |
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What animals is carbon dioxide euthanasia not appropriate for?
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Fish, diving and burrowing mammals, reptiles & amphibians
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What should you use for the source of carbon dioxide when performing euthanasia?
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Cylinders NOT dry ice, antacids or fire extinguishers
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How does nitrogen/ argon cause euthanasia?
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Hypoxemia
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Where is nitrogen/ argon euthanasia acceptable?
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Shelters where do large numbers of animals, not recommended for veterinary practices
-relatively quick < 90 s |
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How does carbon monoxide result in euthanasia?
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Carboxyhemoglobinemia/ hypoxemia
- can do multiple animals (use at shelters) - rapid loss of consciousness w/ minimal discomfort |
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What do you want to use for the source of carbon monoxide when performing euthanasia?
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Compressed cylinders, not engine exhaust
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What are the risks of using carbon monoxide for euthanasia?
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Explosion hazard and human health hazard; follow safety guidelines
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What are 6 injectable agents that can be used for euthanasia?
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1) Barbiturates
2) Chloral hydrate 3) T-61 4) Potassium chloride 5) Magnesium sulfate 6) Tricaine |
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What is the preferred inject site for euthanasia solutions?
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IV highly preferred
-intraperitoneal acceptable -intracardiac acceptable if heavily sedated, anesthetized or comatose |
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How do barbiturates cause euthanasia?
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Depresses CNS progressing to anesthesia, apnea, and cardiac arrest
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What are the 3 benefits of using barbiturates for euthanasia? Disadvantages?
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Advantages: Smooth, rapid, inexpensive
Disadvantages: venous access, trained personnel, restraint |
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What is a huge downfall of using pentobarbital for euthanasia?
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Persists and can cause toxicity to other animals
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Barbiturates require _____ registration
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DEA
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When are barbiturates recommended for euthanasia?
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In vet practices for most species
-dogs, cats, other small animals, horses & camelids |
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What schedule is pentobarbital?
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Schedule II
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What are 3 barbiturates used for euthanasia solution?
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Pentobarbital (schedule II)
Beuthanasia-D (schedule III) Tributamine (sch III) |
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Chloral hydrate is similar to ______.
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Barbiturates (schedule IV)
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What are the downfalls of chloral hydrate?
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Slow onset, large volume required for horses
-works best in anesthetized animals |
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Is chloral hydrate commonly used in vet clinics?
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No, not recommended for most species
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What are the downfalls of T-61?
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Not available in US
Concern with onset of action of muscle relaxant before barbiturate |
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How does potassium chloride cause death?
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Causes V fib
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When is potassium chloride an acceptable method of euthanasia?
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In anesthetized animals
-inhumane in awake animals because heart stops while animal completely conscious |
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When is magnesium sulfate an acceptable method of euthanasia?
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in anesthetized animals
inhumane in awake animals |
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Is chloral hydrate commonly used in vet clinics?
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No, not recommended for most species
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What are the downfalls of T-61?
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Not available in US
Concern with onset of action of muscle relaxant before barbiturate |
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How does potassium chloride cause death?
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Causes V fib
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When is potassium chloride an acceptable method of euthanasia?
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In anesthetized animals
-inhumane in awake animals because heart stops while animal completely conscious |
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When is magnesium sulfate an acceptable method of euthanasia?
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in anesthetized animals
inhumane in awake animals |
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When is tricaine methane sulfonate used for euthanasia?
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amphibians and fish
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What are 5 unacceptable injectable euthanasia agents?
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1) Strychnine
2) Nicotine 3) KCl or MgSO4 in awake animals 4) Any muscle relaxant used alone 5) Any detergent, disinfectant, solvent |
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What are 7 physical methods that are used for euthanasia?
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1) Gunshot
2) Cervical dislocation 3) Decapitation 4) Electrocution 5) Microwave irradiation 6) Thoracic compression 7) Exsanguination |
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What animals can cervical dislocation be used in for euthanasia?
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Some poultry, small birds, small rodents & rabbits
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What conditions is decapitation an acceptable route of euthanasia?
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Some poultry, small birds, small rodents and rabbits
-use commercial equipment |
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When is electrocution an acceptable method of euthanasia?
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When animals are unconscious
-human risk |
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What animals are euthanized via microwave irradiation?
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Small lab rodents
-very fast < 1 s |
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What animals can you perform thoracic compression on as a form of euthanasia?
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Small- medium sized birds
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What are the downfalls of exsanguination?
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Too slow, can be acceptable as an adjunct to anesthetized animals
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What is used for sedation/ anesthesia in small animals being prepared for euthanasia?
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Alpha-2 / ketamine
-outdated propofol is used to decrease duration of agonal breathing, vocalization, and muscle fasciculations |
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What route of euthanasia is used in dogs & cats?
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Commercial barbiturate solution
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Do you sedate horses prior to anesthesia?
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Yes, to facilitate injection/ catheterization
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What solution is used to euthanize a horse?
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1) Commercial barbiturate
-succinylcholine can be added -consider alpha-2 /ketamine prior 2) KCL, or MgSO4 -alpha-2 /ketamine prior |
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What is a physical method used to euthanize horses?
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Gunshot, captive bolt
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What method is usually used to euthanize ruminants/ camelids?
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Gunshot or captive bolt
-can manage like dog or horse |
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What other routes of euthanasia are used in ruminants/ camelids?
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High dose xylazine followed by electrocution, magnesium sulfate, KCL, or lower dose of commercial barbiturate solution
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What is a two stage procedure used for euthanasia?
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Anesthetize with IM technique if venous access is difficult, euthanize w/ barbiturate or other technique
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