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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes varying densitiies on CXRs?
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Different absorption of xrays by body tissues or exogenous material?
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What causes white or transparent radiopaque areas on a CXR? Why?
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Bone because the xrays are significantly absorbed
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What causes a blackened area or appear radiolucent on CXR?
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When xrays pass through air as in the lungs, a small amount of rays are absorbed and the rest hits the film
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What appears darker on cxr, fat or muscle?
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Fat
Muscle, blood and solid organs produce an intermediate gray color, and fat will produce a dark gray area. |
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What are the hilar of the lungs?
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Hilar are the roots of the lung where the major bronchi and pulmonary vessels project outward. They are visible above the heart bilaterally.
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What is the significance of vascular and hilar shadows on CXR?
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Accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary vessels and increased pulmonary pressure.
(CHF, overhydration, etc...) |
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Where should a properly placed CVP line be observed on CXR?
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Downward thru the R or L Brachiocephalic vein into the SVC.
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Were should the tip of the CVP lie on a CXR?
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Right lateral border of T5-6. Medial to the anterior aspect of the first rib.
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How long after a chest tube is removed may it's tracks be visible?
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days to weeks, (can be confused with other abnormalities)
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What is an air bronchogram?
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Air bronchograms are visualized when air filled bronchi are visible as a result of surrounding infiltrated or consolidated lung tissue.
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Can a CXR be used to detect pacer wire problems?
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CXR can rule out broken or fractured lead wires, improper placement or migration, or perforation of the myocardium or septal wall.
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How does a pleural effusion appear on a CXR?
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Effusions appear as a homogenous intermed. fluid filled density outside the lung parenchyma. Usually in the dependent portions of the pleurel spaces (no air bronchograms)
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What is atelectasis?
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Atelectasis is a condition when all or a portion of the lung collapses on itself.
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What causes atelectasis postoperatively?
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bronchial plugging, an invading or expanding mass, air, fluid or tissue,-- such as pleurel effusions, or pneumothorax.
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How does interstitial pneumonia appear on CXR?
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Interstitial pneumonia produces a diffuse streaky infiltrate. usually described as reticular or lattice-like, grandular or nodular.
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What is the most commonly requested CXR?
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The PA or Posterior-anterior view, and is taken from the back.
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What is the first step in reading a chest xray?
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Checking for the proper label with the patient's name on it, and then the films L or R Marker, to ensure it is being viewed properly.
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What do you suspect if there are less than 9 ribs showing on a chest xray?
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that the CXR was done with poor inhalation or that it is an expiratory film.
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What does wide intercostal spaces suggest on a CXR?
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COPD -due to the chronic hyperinflation
( a narrow ICS may be visible with pt's with severe interstitial fibrosis) |
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What does an elevated diaphragm indicate?
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abdominal distention, phrenic nerve paralysis or lung collapse
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What does a flattened diaphragm or depression indicate on a CXR?
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COPD
also-- a normal Diaphragm is usually 1-3 cm higher on the right due to the liver. |
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What does a widened mediastinum suggest on a CXR?
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a wide mediastinum suggests a tumor, enlarged lymph nodes, cardiomegaly or vascular aneurysm. (also bleeding into the pericardium from trauma)
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What is a normal Cardiac size on a CXR?
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A patient's heart size can be measured by the C:T ratio, which should be 1:2. (the heart size should be half the size of the thoracic)
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What are the "fluffy white clouds" appearing on the lung fields of a CXR?
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Alveolar infiltrates which are the result of edema, mucus, blood,a tumor, or inflammation.
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What are the the linear, netlike lines that radiate toward the periphery of the lung (sometimes appear as honeycombs)?
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Interstitial infiltrates, occur with cystic fibrosis, interstitial pulm edema, interstitial pneumonia.
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