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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The quantitative study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of injected and inhaled drugs and their metabolites.
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Pharmacokinetics
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What the BODY does to a DRUG!
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Pharmacokinetics
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The study of the intrinsic sensitivity or responsiveness of receptors to a drug and the mechanisms by which these effects occur.
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Pharmacodynamics
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What the DRUG does to the BODY!
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Pharmacodynamics
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The study of how molecules are structured in three dimensions.
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Stereochemistry
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Pair of molecules existing in two forms that are mirror images of one another but cannot be superimposed.
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Enantiomers
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Enantiomer when dissolved in solution that rotates polarized light clockwise.
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Dextrorotatory, d[+]
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Enantiomer when dissolved in solution that rotates polarized light counter-clockwise.
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Levorotatory, l[-]
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When the two enantiomers [+,-] are present in equal proportions (50:50).
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Racemic mixture
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The therapeutically inactive isomer in a racemic mixture should be regarded as a(an) __________.
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Impurity
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Term used to describe individuals in whom an unusually low does of drug produces its expected pharmacologic effects.
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Hyperreactive
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Term used to describe individuals who are allergic (sensitized) to a drug.
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Hypersensitive
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Term used to describe individuals who require exceptionally large doses of drug to evoke expected pharmacologic effects.
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Hyporeactive
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Term used to describe hyporeactivity acquired from chronic exposure to a drug.
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Tolerance
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Term used to describe hyporeactivity acquired from formation of antibodies.
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Immunity
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When a second drug acting with a first drug will produce an effect equal to an algebraic summation.
A+B=C |
Additive effect
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When two drugs interact to produce an effect greater than an algebraic summation.
A+B= >C |
Synergistic effect
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When two drugs interact to produce an effect less than an algebraic summation.
A+B= <C |
Antagonism
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Drug that activates a receptor by binding to that receptor.
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Agonist
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Drug that binds to the receptor without activating the receptor and at the same time prevents an agonist from stimulating the receptor.
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Antagonist
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Time necessary for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease to 50% during the elimination phase.
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Elimination half-time
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Number of elimination half-times necessary to eliminate >95% of drug.
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5 - 96.9% eliminated
6 - 98.4% eliminated |
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Time necessary to eliminate 50% of the drug from the body after its rapid IV injection.
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Elimination half-life
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Principal site of drug absorption after oral administration.
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Small intestine - related to large surface area of this portion of the GI tract
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Extensive hepatic extraction and metabolism of drugs absorbed from the GI tract that enter the portal venous blood and pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation for delivery to tissue receptors.
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First-pass hepatic effect
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