Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the main things that you should monitor on the patient that is under anesthesia?
|
circulation
oxygenation ventilation temperature monitor these every 5-10 minutes |
|
|
Why do we want to monitor patients?
|
prevent morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia
Monitor before, during and after procedure |
|
|
What are we monitoring with the cardiovascular system?
|
maintain perfusion to body organs
|
|
|
What is a gross assessment of perfusion?
|
color of mucous membranes
pale mm can indicate anemia, peripheral vasoconstriction and hypovolemia Animals can be cyanotic when there is lung disease, lack of O2 to breathing circuit, endcobronchial inubation |
|
|
T/F
ECG gives an indication of efficacy of the heart. |
false
|
|
|
What should the systolic pressure be about?
|
80-90 mmHg
|
|
|
What are the two general ways to monitor BP?
Which is invasive? What is it commonly measured with? |
Direct and indirect
Direct- into an artery Aneroid manometer |
|
|
How do you detect BP in animals?
What are you detecting? What causes an overestimate of BP? Underestimate? |
Doppler-shift
Systolic Too small or loose Too big or too tight |
|
|
What method for getting BP will get both a systolic and diastolic?
Who is this less reliable on? |
Oscillometric method
Small animals ex. cats |
|
|
What does a low central venous pressure indicate?
High? |
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia |
|
|
What is the objective in monitoring the pulmonary system?
What three things can you monitor clinically to assess? |
Maintain transport of O2 to cells and removal of CO2
Resp rate, tidal volume, mm color |
|
|
What is the gold standard in monitoring the pulmonary system? What does this measure?
Is this invasive? |
Arterial blood gas
Dissolved O2 and CO2 Yes |
|
|
What is the non-invasive way to estimate blood gasses?
What does it measure? |
Capnography
End-tidal CO2 tension and inspired CO2 tension |
|
|
What systems does the pulse ox measure? What does it measure?
|
Cardiovascular and pulmonary
The % of Hb saturated with O2 |
|
|
What is considered hypothermic?
Hyperthermic? How does this effect anesthetic requirements? Where do you monitor temp? |
96 or below
102 or above (depends on species) Hypo need less, hyper need more Oral or rectal |
|
|
If you take the % O2 you're delivering then multiply it by 5, what does that give you?
|
The expected amount of dissolved O2 in an arterial blood gas
|
|
|
What is the normal wave form of a capnograph?
|
Sharp incline of CO2 on expiration, plateau, then sharp decline in CO2 on inspiration as O2 is increasing
|
|
|
What does a "rebreathing" capnograph wave look like? Cardiogenic oscillations?
Is this normal? |
Very similar to normal but CO2 does not return to zero between breaths
Exhalation phase normal, but looks like steps on inspiration Yes |
|
|
What does a "shark fin" capnograph wave form represent?
What does it look like? |
Expiratory blockage
Slope on expiration, so patient is pushing against something; inspiration is more normal |
|
|
What things can inhibit the results of the pulse ox?
|
1) Tissue thickness
2) Vasoconstriction 3) Pigment 4) Low output state |
