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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where was the first anesthetic used and what was it?
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Boston in 1846
Ether |
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What are purposes for general anesthesia?
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-immobilization
-muscle relaxation -unconsciousness -freedom of pain |
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What is analgesia?
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loss of sensitivity to pain
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What is Tranquilization?
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relaxation and animal is aware of surroundings
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What is Sedation?
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patient is unaware of surroundings
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What drugs are used in combination with neuroleptanalgesia?
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tranquilizer/sedative and analgesia to result in a patient that is sleepy and pain free
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What do you achieve with balanced anesthesia?
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unconsciousness, analgesia and muscle relaxation
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What is the main cause of death associated with anesthesia?
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aspiration
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What are the two sections of the anesthesia machine?
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machine- (where the vaporizer and flow meter are)
breathing system (where the pop off valve is) |
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What are the parts of the machine that can cause death?
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-flowmeter - to little O2 leading to hypoxia
-vaporizer - too much anesthetic causeing hypoxia pop-off calve to tight causing pneumothorax |
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What alveoolar tissue perfusion defines hypoxia?
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less than 80 mmHg
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T/F
Room air has enough O2 to supposed an anesthesia patient. |
false
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What is the psi of a full tank?
At what psi should you change it? What is the capacity of the E O2 cylinder? |
2,000
200 660 liters |
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What is the formula for calculating remaining O2 in an E cylinder? Minutes of O2 left?
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2200 psi/660 L = psi left in tank/X Liters left
X Liters left/ flow rate |
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Which safety system is used for G and H cylinders? E cylinders? What's the goal of these systems?
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Diameter Index Safety System
Pin Index Safety System Preventing mismatching of gases |
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What does the check valve prevent?
Where is this located? What is the larger hole on this called? |
Transfilling
Oxygen yolk Cylinder outlet |
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Where is the safety valve located in relation to where O2 leaves tank? What are the two types of safety valves?
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Opposite it
Fusible plug and rupture disk |
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Is oxygen a drug?
Is it combustible? |
Yes
No, it supports combustion |
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What do you use to set anesthesia flow rate? How is it read?
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Flowmeter
Middle of ball or top of bobbin |
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What reduces the psi from 2200 to 50 psi?
What reduced the flow from 50 psi to 15 psi? |
Pressure reduction valve
Flowmeter |
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What should the nitrous oxide : O2 ratio not exceed?
What can this cause? |
2:1
Hypoxemia |
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What are the two main liquid anesthetics?
What are they classified as? |
Sevoflurane and Isoflurane
Volatile liquids at STP (standard temperature and pressure) |
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What is the complex design vaporizer called?
Is this precision or non-precision? Does the carrier gas = fresh gas or patient gases? |
VOC= vaporizer out of circuit (it's outside the breathing circuit)
Precision Fresh gas in VOC, patient in VIC |
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What does "fresh gas" mean?
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Gas that has not yet mixed with patient gasses
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What is the SVP (saturated vapor pressure) of Sevoflurane at 20 deg C (room temp)?
Isoflurane? Desflurane? |
160
240 660 |
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How does temperature effect gasses in the vaporizer?
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Higher temperature will increase molecules escaping from liquid (more drug going to pt)
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How does Saturated Vapor Pressure (SVP) correspond to volatility?
What does volatile mean? |
Higher the SVP the more volatile
Going from liquid to gas |
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Are vaporizers specific for a drug in a Vaporizer Out of Circuit (VOC)? What can happen?
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Yes
Wrong amount is delivered to patient |
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Is the concentration of anesthetic drug know in a Vaporizer in circuit (VIC)?
Why? Carrier gas in VIC = |
No
Varies with temperature, patients ventilations, dial setting and back pressure Patient gases |
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What can back pressure cause? What if the vaporizer tips over?
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The patient can get more drug in the next breath as it replaces fresh O2
Can deliver a lethal dose |
