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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two types of shock does anesthesia cause in a controlled state?
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-vasodilitory
-cardiogenic inhalants cause vasodilation and decrease in myocardial contractility |
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What is the goal of giving fluids during surgery?
What is the average fluid rate? |
Maximize preload - more O2 delivery
10ml/kg/hr |
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What is the blood volume/shock dose for dogs?
Cats and Sheep? Horses? |
80 - 90 ml/kg
50 - 60 ml/mg 50 - 60 ml/mg |
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How do you know when you have given enough fluid?
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Blood pressure -> MAP, CRT, pulse quality, heart rate are good
> 60 mmhg (=80mmhg systolic) |
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What is the formula for mean arterial pressure?
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CO x SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
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What is the formula from CO?
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CO = stroke volume X HR
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If IV fluids is not accessible what way can you give fluids?
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interosseus (birds neonates)
do not give sub-q |
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What type of catheter do you use for long term use?
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catheter over guidewire
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What type of animal gets intraperitonial fluid?
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Reptiles and lab animals
can cause peritonitis |
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What are the two basic types of fluid choices?
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Crystalloids - water and electrolytes
Colloids - contain molecules about the same size as proteins |
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Where do crystalloids redistribute to?
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75% will redistribute to extravascular space
can result in edema |
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Which type of crystalloid is most commonly used?
Tonicity? Which type is preferred in metabolic acidosis or a long procedure? |
Replacement
Isotonic relative to plasma Lactated ringers (contains lactate as a buffer) |
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What are the precursors for Normasol-R?
What type of crystalloid is this? |
Gluconate and acetate, so doesn't need liver like lactate
Replacement |
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What solution is good for a metabolic alkalosis?
Does this contain a buffer? What type of crystalloid it this? |
Normal saline
No Replacement |
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T/F
Maintenance fluids are typically used in surgery. |
False
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How does hypertonic saline work? When do you use it?
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Fluid is pulled from intracellular and interstital space to intravascular
ER- rapid loss of blood, hypovolemic shock |
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What is a colloid?
What pressure do colloids contribute to? Who are the normal molecules? |
Large molecular weight particles in solution
Oncotic Plasma proteins |
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Where do hydrostatic pressures push water and solutes?
Oncotic pressure? |
Into interstitial space
From interstitial space to intravascular space |
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What is the advantage of colloids? What are three conditions that you would use colloids?
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Will not move out of intravascular space
1) Hypoalbuminemia 2) Hypoproteinemia 3) Hypovolemia with pulmonary or cerebral edema |
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What is the biggest reason that colloids are not used?
What other reasons? What are two examples of colloids? |
Very expensive
Can make patient hyperoncotic and decrease clotting Hetastarch and dextrans |
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What is an example of an O2 carrying fluid?
When is it used? |
Oxyglobin
Anemic patients when blood donor is not available |
