Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
local complications:
|
-needle breakage
-persistent anestesia or paresthesia -facial nerve paralysis -trismus -soft tissue injury -hematoma -pain on injection -burning on injection -infection -edema -sloughing of tissue -post anesthetic intraoral lesions |
|
|
needle breakage: extremely rare since intro of disposable needles
- almost always associated with? -breaks at the? |
-Md. inferior nerve block and 30 gauge needle that was bent by the dr.
-hub without visible needle present |
|
|
prevention of needle breakage
|
use larger gauge needle - 25 gauge
|
|
|
persistent anesthesia or paresthesia:
is an _____ |
altered sensation well beyond the expected duration of anesthesia
|
|
|
causes of persistent anesthesia or paresthesia:
-__ to the nerve sheath -__ into or around the nerve sheath -__ solution- __% |
-trauma
-hemorrhage -local anesthetic -4% (md inferior alveolar nerve bock or lingual nerve) |
|
|
an increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli
|
hyperesthesia
|
|
|
a painful sensation to usually non-nonxious stimuli
|
dysethesia
|
|
|
Prevention of persistent anesthesia or
paresthesia: caution must be advised when considering ? |
3% or 4% local anesthetics for Md. nerve blocks
|
|
|
Facial nerve paralysis:
____ cranial nerve carries __ to the muscles of facial expressions and other structures |
seventh, motor impulses
|
|
|
Transient paralysis of terminal branches occurs:
-___ block -___ infiltration above the ___ -loss of __ to the ___ produced by deposition of local anesthetic into the capsule of the __ located at the ___ |
-infraorbital nerve block
-superior infiltration above the Mx. canines -loss of motor function to the muscles of facial expression... parotid gland located at the posterior border of the ramus |
|
|
Problem of transient paralysis of terminal branches: transient loss of ___
|
unilateral muscles of facial expression including possible inability to voluntary close 1 eye
|
|
|
Prevention of transient paralysis of terminal branches:
-adherence to ___ -make needle contact to ___ before depositing local anesthetic |
-protocol for IANB
-Md. Bone |
|
|
Management of transient paralysis of terminal branches:
1 2 3 |
1. reassure patient
2. cover the eye 3. documentation |
|
|
prolonged tetanic spasm of the jaw muscles by which the normal opening of the mouth is restricted
|
trismus
|
|
|
causes of trismus:
-__ injection of LA -__ or __ can produce tissue irritation -___ infection -__ injections -___ of LA after missed IANBs |
-IM injection of LA
-hemorrhage or extravascular blood -low grade infection -multiple injections -excessive volumes of LA after missed IANB's |
|
|
problem of trismus: in acute phase
|
pain produced by hemorrhage leads to muscle spasms and limitation of movement
|
|
|
problem of trismus: chronic phase
|
hypomobility secondary to hematoma leads to scar and fibrosis if not treated
|
|
|
Prevention of truisms:
1 2 3 |
-sharp needles
-avoid repeat and multiple injections -use minimal effective volumes of LA |
|
|
Treatment of truisms:
|
-heat therapy -warm saline rinse
-analgesics -muscle relaxation -initiate physiotherapy (chewing gum) -5-7 days with antibiotics -documentation |
|
|
self inflicted trauma to lips and tongue by inadvertently biting or chewing while anesthetized
|
soft tissue injury
|
|
|
Cause of soft tissue injury: most frequently
occurs in? |
children or mentally and physically challenged patient
PROBLEM (SWELLING AND PAIN) |
|
|
Prevention of soft tissue injury: warn pt or guardian about?
|
warn pt. or guardian against eating or drinking hot fluids and biting lips or tongue
|
|
|
management for soft tissue injury
|
-analgesics for pain
-antibiotics if indicated -warm saline rinses -vaseline to abrasions |
|
|
effusion of blood into extravascular spaces from inadvertently nicking a blood vessel during the injection of LA.
|
hematoma
|
|
|
Cause of a hematoma
1____ block 2 rarely develops after a ___ 3 __ may cause intraoral hematoma 4 __ may cause large extraoral hematoma |
-mental nerve block
-rarely develops after a palatal injection -IANB may cause intramural hematoma -PSA nerve block may cause large extra oral hematoma |
|
|
prevention of a hematoma -use a __ for the PSA nerve block -modify __ for a PSA in a patient with smaller facial characteristics |
-short needle
-penetration depth |
|
|
management of a hematoma
- -do not apply __ to the area for ___ hours after -__ may be applied -tincture of time ___ |
-pressure
-heat, 4-6 hours -ice -7-10 days |
|
|
prevention of a hematoma
1 2 3 |
-use a topical anesthetic
-use sharp needles -inject slowly |
|
|
Burning on injection:
pH of LA plain is __ ph of LA with vasopressor is __ |
5
3 |
|
|
infection causes: Contamination
-usually occurs when? |
-usually occurs when the needle touches
mucous membrane in the oral cavity prior to injection -injection LA into an infected area |
|
|
Management of infections
-usually reported as __ and __ 1 or more days after dental care and ___ is indicated |
-post injection pain and dysfunction, antibiotics
|
|
|
Causes of edema
1 2__ may become life threatening |
-infection
-allergy induced angioneurotic edema of the tongue, pharynx or larynx and may become life threatening |
|
|
epithelial desquamation following prolonged use of topical anesthetic
|
sloughing of tissues
|
|
|
post anesthetic intra-oral lesions causes:
1 2 |
1. recurrent aphthous stomatitis(unattached tissue)
2. herpes simplex (attached tissue) |
