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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Preanesthetic Drugs - Reasons for
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To Calm or sedate: smooth induction and recovery
To reduce or eliminate adverse effects of general anesthetics to reduce the ammount of general anesthetic required to decrease pain during and after surgery |
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Anticholinergics
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used to decrease parasympathetic responses porduced by anesthetic drugs
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Sympathetic nervous sustem
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Stimulation produces responses for fight or flight
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Synapse
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Space between nerve endings and receptor
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Parasympathetic response
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Neurotransmitter = Acetylcholine
Increased saliva and tear production Pupils contract heart rate slows decreased blood pressure bronchi constrict increased gastroingestinal motility and secretions |
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Receptor
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Site stimulated to respond when it reveives neurotransmitter from nerve endind (on muscles, nerve, glands)
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Sympathetic responses
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Neurotransmitter = Norepinephrine
decreased saliva and tear preoduction pupils dilate heart rate speeds up increased blood pressure bronchi dilate decreased motility and secretions |
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neurotransmitter
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Chemical that is released from nerve ending and travels across synbapse, stimulating receptor
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Parasympathetic nervous sustem
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Stimulation produces responses for all ik relax situations (calming effects)
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Atropine: derived from deadly nightshade plant
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cheap onset 20 min - sq
10-15 min IM (more vasculature) duration 60 min after SQ reduces tear secteation avoid in animals with rapid heart rates - fat dogs and thin cats produces thick mucous airwau sectetions (cats and neonates) produces GI activity (ileus in equines and bovines) Crosses placental barrier (avoid in C-sections signs of everdose tachycardia, peripheral casodilation (red as a beet) dru mucous membranes/thirst (dry as a bone) Hyperthermia (hot as a pistol) Excitement, dilated pupils (mad as a hatter) |
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Glycopyrrolate: effects similar to atropine; costs more
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Longer duration (2-3 hrs_ milder effects does not cross placental barrier (use more)
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Sedatives/Tranquilizers
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uses: calming effect smooth induction and recovery, reduce the amount of general anesthetic required, prevent excitatory effects of some aneshtetics in some species
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Phenothaizines-
Ace[romazine |
most commonly used preanesthetic sedative in veterinary medicine-
advantages - not controled sedation lasting 2-8 hrs Im antiemetic antiarrythmic - protects heart against epinephrine precautions - no analgesic effect, prolapse of third eyelid vasodilation - avoid in hypotensice patient admin: IM< SQ< oral, IV with caution - onset 15 min IM |
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Benzodiazepines
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used in combination with induction agents
adv: mild calming effect, ecellent muscle relaxation, prevent sezures, minimal cardiac and respiratory depression precautions; may cause excitement when used alone |
