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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do local anesthetics work?
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The drug prevents sensory nerve transmission at axon. May also affect voluntary motor control of body parts.
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Do local anesthetics affect the brain?
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No, not when properly administered/dosed. The drug reaches the brain only in vary dilute amounts.
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What are 7 ways to apply local anesthetics?
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Topical, infiltration, nerve blocks, line or ring blocks, intra-articular, regional anesthesia & epidurals.
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Where are topical anesthetics administered?
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Skin, eyes & mucous membranes.
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How do you apply infiltration anesthetics?
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Drug is injected SC around site - diffuses to site.
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What is the most common type of local anesthetic?
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Infiltration.
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What would you use infiltration anesthetics for?
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For wounds, small skin cysts, tumors & warts.
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How do you administer nerve blocks?
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The drug is injected near (not into) a specific nerve, it blocks sensation from area distal to injection site.
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What are nerve blocks used for?
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Lameness exams in horse & cattle, bovine dehorning & eye surgery.
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How do you administer line or ring blocks?
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It's a continuous line or ring of drug injected proximal to body part.
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What are line or ring blocks used for?
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Feline declaws, bovine teat or digit surgery.
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How do you administer intra-articular anesthetics?
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The drug is injected into a joint.
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What are intra-articular anesthetics used for?
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Post-surgical pain management.
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How do you administer regional anesthetics?
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The drug is injected where major nerves exit the spinal cord.
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What are regional anesthetics used for?
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For analgesia of entire limb, caudal trunk.
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Where are epidurals administered?
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The drug is placed into epidural space, through the dorsal aspect of lumbosacral space. Not into CS fluid!!!
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How do epidurals work?
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They block sensation & motor control caudal to injection.
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What are epidurals used for?
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Large animal obstetrics & vaginal prolapse. Small animal C-section. Post-surgical management of profound pain.
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What are 4 things you need to do before giving an epidural to a patient?
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Surgical clip & scrub, sedation, ventral recumbency & elevate head to prevent drug from traveling forward.
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What is potentiation?
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One drug increases effectiveness of another drug.
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What are 3 problems that could occur when giving an epidural?
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Infiltration may cause inflammation, swelling & delayed wound healing. Injection into a nerve may cause temp neuritis or permanent nerve damage. If drug reaches brain in high concentration it could lead to seizures or death.
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What 2 things can you do to avoid an epidural reaching the brain?
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Aspirate to make sure you're not in the vein & elevate the head.
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What's a problem with epinephrine, in regards to other drugs?
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It potentiates local anesthetics by causing peripheral vasoconstriction; delays absorption of drug, drug stays in site longer. It helps local drugs work better.
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What are some types of local anesthetics?
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Lidocaine, bupivicaine, mepivicaine, procaine, proparacaine & cetacaine.
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What is proparacaine?
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It's an ophthalmis topical.
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