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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Define anemia
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a reduction of the total circulating red cell mass below normal limits (Robbins 8th ed)
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2. In practice, diagnosis of anemia is usually based on what?
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a reduction in the hematocrit and the hemoglobin concentration of the blood to levels that are below the normal range ( Robbins 8th ed)
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3. What are the classifications of anemia?
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classification is based on :
- underlying mechanism - red cell morphologic changes (Robbins 8th ed) |
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4. What red cell indices are most useful in assessing anemia?
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MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
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5. What underlying mechanisms cause anemia ?
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Blood loss, increased red cell destruction (hemolysis), decreased red cell production
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6. Define MCV
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Mean Corpuscular Volume is the average volume of a red cell expressed in femtoliters (fL)
Ref. range (M &F) 82-96 fL ( Robbins 8th ed) |
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7. Define MCH
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Mean Cell Hemoglobin is the average content (mass) of hemoglobin per red cell, expressed in picograms (pg)
Ref. range (M&F)- 27-33 pg |
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8. Define MCHC
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Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration is the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells, expressed in grams per deciliter
Ref. range (M&F)- 33-37 g/dL |
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9. What is the coefficient of variation of red cell volume known as?
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Red cell Distribution Width
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10. What are the general clinical symptoms of anemia?
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pallor; weakness, malaise, easy fatigability; dyspnea on mild exertion; angina pectoris in myocardial hypoxia; oliguria & anuria in acute blood loss and shock; headache, dimness of vision & faintness in CNS hypoxia
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11. Apart from RBC involvement, what are other predictable changes in the blood during massive bleeding ?
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Leukocytosis- after a decrease in BP
Reticulocytosis- 10-15% after 7days Thrombocytosis |
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12. What is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?
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Iron deficiency
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13. How much of the functional iron is found in hemoglobin?
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80%
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14. The storage pool of iron is represented by what?
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Hemosiderin and Ferritin
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15. What is the total iron pool in men and in women?
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Men- 3450 mg
Women- 2450 mg |
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16. How much of transferrin is saturated with iron in normal individuals ? yielding serum iron levels of how much?
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1/3 saturated with iron
yielding serum iron levels of 120 μg/dL in men and 100 μg/dL in women |
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17. Major storage of ferritin in the liver.in other tissues?
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Within parenchymal cells
Macrophages (in other tissues) |
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18. Location of intracellular ferritin and its form.
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In cytosol and lysosomes as Hemosiderin granules
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19. Enzymes responsible for reducing Ferric iron into its Ferrous state.
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Ferrireductases : b cytochromes and STEAP3
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20. What is DMT1?
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Divalent Metal Transporter 1 is responsible for transporting Ferrous nonheme iron across the apical membrane of the duodenal cell
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21. How much of the dietary nonheme iron is absorbed in the gut? how about the dietary heme iron?
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5% and 25% respectively
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22. Iron transporter across the basolateral enterocyte membrane.
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Ferriportin
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23. What are other functions of DMT1 and ferriportin?
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DMT1 also mediates the uptake of “functional” iron (derived from endocytosed transferrin) across lysosomal membranes into the cytosol of red cell precursors in the bone marrow, and ferriportin plays an important role in the release of storage iron from macrophages. (Robbins 8th ed)
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24. What are the functions of hepcidin?
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1. inhibits iron transfer from the enterocyte to plasma by binding to ferriportin and causing it to be endocytosed and degraded
2. suppresses iron release from macrophages |
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25. What is TMPRSS6?
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It is a hepatic transmembrane serine protease that normally suppresses hepcidin production when iron stores are low.
Mutations can cause a rare form of microcytic anemia. (Robbins 8th ed) |
