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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anemia manifestation
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Anorexia and weight loss
Fatigue Dyspnea with exertion & extreme malaise 20 to O2 delivery to tissues Decreased mental status and lethargy Skin... |
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Anemia
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number of RBCs
or the quantity of hemoglobin |
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Epoetin
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Anemia r/t renal failure & AIDS
Decreases need for blood transfusions pre op |
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Darbopoetin Alfa (Aranesp)
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Anemia r/t chronic renal failure, dialysis
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Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta
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Anemias r/t chronic renal failure, dialysis
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Erythropoietin
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hormone that stimulates RBC production in bone marrow.
it is an alpha-globulin that is either formed in or released by the kidney |
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Iron deficiency anemia
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Deficiency of Iron leads to the production of fewer RBCs and cells with a decreased hemoglobin content.
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Etiology
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*Chronic blood loss
*GI bleeding; ulcer; menstrual bleeding *Malabsorption of iron *sm. bowel disease; Crohns *Increased iron requirements *pregnancy; growth spurts *menstrual cycle --lose 10-15mg Fe+/day ...diet recommendations for Fe+? Insufficient dietary intake fad diets |
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Early Stage Iron deficiency anemia
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*fatigue
*mild tachycardia *exertional dyspnea |
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Severe stage Iron deficiency anemia
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*brittle concave nails
*spoon shaped w/longitudinal ridges *shiny, bright red, smooth tongue *cracks in corner of mouth |
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Medical Management
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*Determine cause and correct
*Provide adequate balanced diet rarely a major factor *Administer ferrous sulfate orally or parenterally if GI absorption is insufficient. *occ. transfuse packed RBCs |
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deferoxamine mesylate
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Used for iron toxicity
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PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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*Due to insufficient amount of Vit B12 absorbed from small intestines
*Directly linked to absence of the intrinsic factor …gastrectomy (secondary) |
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Pernicious Anemia
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no intrinsic factor =
no absorbed oral B12... thus body uses up stores of B12 = anemia B12 used in production of hemaglobin |
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General signs of Pernicious Anemia
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Red "Beefy" tongue-Glossitis
Ataxia-problems with coordination |
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Diagnosis Pernicious Anemia
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Blood Smear
Large RBC’s Schillings Test Definitive test! |
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Medical Management
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Cyanocobalim Dose-Nasal spray
vit B12 injections |
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APLASTIC ANEMIA
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Unexplained failure of bone marrow to produce RBC’s
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Etiology
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idiopathic
chemical toxins drugs viral infections secondary bone marrow aplasia |
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Pathophysiology
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disorder characterized by bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia
plasia = “molding”, “growth” *results in pancytopenia -depression of bone marrow elements (WBC, RBC, platelets) |
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S&S
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1. Anemia
2. Abnormal Bleeding bleeding from: __________________ purpura, petechiae, ecchymosis 3. Infections with a high feve |
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Diagnosis
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Peripheral blood smear
Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy bone marrow is hypoplastic or aplastic |
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Treatment
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Remove causative agent or toxin
Transfusions: packed RBC's, frozen plasma or concentrated platelets |
