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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACD=anemia of chronic disease
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ACD
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ACD - inc
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most common cause of anemia in chronically ill or hospitalized pt
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ACD - etiologies
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infxn
inflamm dz malignancy renal dz |
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ACD - ret cont
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decr
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ACD - iron
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decr serum iron
incre serum ferritin |
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ACD - RBC morphology
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normocytic
normochromic |
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AA=aplastic anemia
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AA
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AA - def
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pancytopenia with bone marrow hypocellularity
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AA - bleeding
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common early in dz
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AA - bone marrow
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hypocellular and fatty
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AA - tx (2)
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bone marrow transplantation
immunosuppression |
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IDA=iron deficiency anemia
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IDA
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IDA - etiologies
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blood loss
incre iron demand - pg malabsorption poor diet hemolysis |
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IDA - clin man
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spooning/curling nails
atrophy of tongue pica |
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IDA - iron
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serum iron low
ferritin low binding capacity high |
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IDA - morphology
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microcytic
hypochromic |
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IDA - tx (3)
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underlying cause
transfusion (blood loss only) add ferrous sulfate - watch constipation |
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HA=hemolytic anemia
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HA
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HA - HgB drop > 1 g/week
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only caused by hemolysis or blood loss
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HA - clin man
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splenomegaly
jaundice hemoglobinuria |
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HA - ret count
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elevated
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HA - special marker
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schistocytes
helmet cells |
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HA - coombs test use
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to determine specific disorders
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MA=megaloblastic anemia
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MA
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MA - def
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anemia with larger than normal red blood cells
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MA - 2 types
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folate deficiency
B12 deficiency |
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G6PD - inc
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common in africans and mediterraneans
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G6PD - def
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intravascular and extravascular hemolysis reaction to stress
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G6PD - stressors
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fava beans
sulfonamides vitamin K infection |
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G6PD - special cell
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heinz bodies
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G6PD - tx (2)
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avoid meds that stress red blood cells
folate supplements |
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sickle cell - def
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production of defective hemoglobin that has decr solubility in deoxygenated form
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sick cell - clin man
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anemia
hemolysis leg ulcers priapism emboli crisis |
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sickle cell - morphology
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microcytic
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sickle cell - ret count
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elevated
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sickle cell - special bodie
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sickle shape
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thalassemia - 2 types
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alpha - defect resulting in excess beta
beta - defect resulting in excess alpha |
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thalassemia - morphology
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microcytic
hypochromic |
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thalassemia - special sign
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teardrop and target cells
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thalassemia - MCV
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low
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thalassemia - iron
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normal
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thalassemia - dx
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hemoglobin electrophoresis
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thalassemia - tx (3)
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transfuse as needed
splenectomy in beta thalassemia watch for iron overload |
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B12 - 3 etiologies
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decr intake
impaired absorption (intrinsic factor/IBD) incr requirement |
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B12 - clin man
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red beefy tongue
neuro signs |
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B12 - tx
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underlying
parenteral B12 for life |
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B12 - neuro sx
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may never resolve
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B12 - pernicious anemia complication
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incr risk for gastric cancer
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B12 - RBC morphology
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macrocytic
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B12 - labs
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low ret count
decr B12 large platelets low volume |
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sickle cell - tx
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avoid triggers
good nutrition hydroxyurea |
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sickle cell - crisis
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pain control
transfusions abx for infxn |
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anemia - high ret count
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hemolysis
acute blood loss |
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anemia - low ret count check
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microcytic
normocytic macrocytic |
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anemia - low ret count macrocytic etiologies
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B12 deficiency
folate deficiency ETOH liver disease drug effects |
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anemia - systematic approach
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ret count ->
MCV -> additional studies |
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anemia - normocytic etiologies
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anemia of chronic disease
hypothyroidism aplastic anemia multiple myeloma |
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anemia - microcytic etiologies
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iron deficiency
thalassemia |
