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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anemia
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decreased RBCs in the blood-- not enough O2 for tissues
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iron-deficiency anemia
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MOST COMMON
S/S= pallor, headache, fatigue, SOB, paresthesisas cause: decreased RBC, inadequate intake or malabsorption of iron, blood loss tx= dietary management [avoid TEA], iron replacement PO, transfusion [is severe] |
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Thalassemia Minor
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S/S= asymptomatic, fatigue, splenomegaly
cause= one thalassemic gene tx= no specific tx |
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Thalassemia Major
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S/S= growth is retarded, pale, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly [down syndrome resemblance]
cause: two homozygous gene tx=blood transfusions, splenectomy |
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Pernicious Anemia
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B12 Deficient
S/S= anorexia, neuromuscular: paresthesia of feet and hands, reduced hearing, ataxia, dementia, n/v cause: autoimmune, B12 not absorbed, decreased gastric secretion of intrinsic factor tx= B12 injections * increases risk for gastric cancer |
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Aplastic Anemia
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Life Threatening!! develops gradually
S/S= fatigue, dyspnea, febrile, increased bleeding, pallor cause=decreased RBCs, WBC, and platelets [not making enough] tx= bone marrow transplant assess for bleeding!! avoid IM or subq, use electric razor, pad bedrails |
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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S/S= extreme pain, fever, joint pain, hand and foot syndrome
complications= acute chest syndrome, MI, HF, renal failure, stroke cause: autosomal disorder affecting Hgb, defective RBCs- become sickle shaped tx= prevention of sickling, adequate O2, avoid infection, rest, nutrition |
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Hemoglobin
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the gas [O2 and CO2] carrying capacity of RBCs, it is reduced in cases of anemia, hemorrhage, and states of hemodilution
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main goal of tx for anemia
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correcting the underlying cause of anemia
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elements of blood that can be transfused
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RBCs, fresh frozen plasma, plasma, platelets, whole blood
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Heparin
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used for DVT treatment, activates antithrombin which inhibits fibrinogen from converting to fibrin
watch aPTT!! |
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Coumadin [warfarin]
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anticoagulant of choice for long-term treatment
inhibits activation of vit K dependent coagulation factors watch PT and INR!! |
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sequence of events for clot formation
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clotting factors kind in them prothrombin--into--thrombin which turns fibrinogen--into--fibrin which makes a fibrin clot that catches RBCs and platelets
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at risk for anemia
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common in older adults
very young, those on poor diets, women in their productive years |
