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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In males, gamet production (spermatogenesis) is under the influence of what hormone?
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FSH
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In males, secretion of testostrone from the leydig cells is under the influence of what hormone?
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LH
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Why can't androgens be used as male contraceptives?
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Because they reduce spermatogenesis, do not block it completely.
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How is testosterone administered?
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IM, TD, gel, or SQ pellet.
*NOT ORALLY! (no oral form unlike estrogen) |
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What converts testosterone into estradiol?
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AROMATASE
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How does testosterone get converted into DHT ?
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Testosterone gets converted to DHT by 5a-reductase in the epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles.
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T/F: DHT is the associated with male pattern baldness?
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true
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T/F: Testosterone can NOT be given orally but all Synthetic androgens CAN.
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TRUE!
Synthetic androgens: - Methyltestosterone (testred, android, methitest) - Fluoxymestrone (Androxy) - Oxandrolone (Oxandrin) - Oxymetholone (anadrol) |
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Which drugs are derivatives of testosterone that are made by adding a methyl group to the a-17 position?
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- Methyltestosterone (testred, android, methitest)
- Fluoxymestrone (Androxy) |
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Which synthetic androgens are anabolic steroids?
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- Oxandrolone (Oxandrin)
- Oxymetholone (anadrol) |
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T/F: Oxandrolone (Oxandrin) and Oxymetholone (anadrol) are testosterones used for hormone replacement therapy?
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false!
They are only used to increase hematocrit, surgery, prolonged hospital immobilization..ect. |
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What are the anabolic effects of testosterone?
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- Increased muscle size and strength
- Increased lean body mass -Increased red blood cell production (Increased hematocrit!) |
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What are the androgenic effects of androgens?
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- growth of penis, prostate, scrotum, seminal vesicle, larynx, skeleton
-Development of facial, pubic, and axillary hair -enlargement of muscle mass |
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What are the POSTpubertal effects of androgens?
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-maintanence of secondary sexual characteristics, fertility, libido
- maintenance of normal bone density (prevent osteoporosis) - male-pattern baldness |
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T/F: Androgens have mineralocorticoid activity.
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true --> can lead to edema
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Do androgens increase or decrease HDL levels?
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Decrease HDL
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Which androgens are used to treat hypogonadism in males?
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- Testosterone
- Methyltestosterone - Fluoxymestrone |
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Why don't Androgens work in inducing sperm production in SECONDARY hypogonadism?
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In secondary hypogonadism there is no FSH so Androgens will help the pt. become more masculine but will not induce spermatogenesis.
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What androgens can be used for the treatment of breast cancer in PREmenopausal females?
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- Testosterone
- Methyltestosterone - Fluoxymestrone (also decrease postpartum breast engorgement and reduce endometrial bleeding) |
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Which androgens are used to stimulate growth in prepubertal males with pituitary dwarfism ?
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- Testosterone
- Methyltestosterone - Fluoxymestrone |
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What are the general adverse effects of androgens?
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- Edema
-Cholestatic Jaundice -Hepatocellular Carcinoma - decreased HDL/LDL levels |
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What are adverse effects of high doses of testosterone in males?
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- High doses cause feminization (gynecomastia, testicular shrinkage, decreased spermatogenesis, and infertility)
- Priapism - Impotence |
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What are the adverse effects of testosterone in females?
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- Masculization (acne, hursutism, voice deepening, excessive muscle development)
- male pattern baldness - menstrual irregularities (amenorrhea) |
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What are the adverse effects of testosterone in children?
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-improper sexual maturation
- growth disturbances due to early esophageal plate closing |
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What are the adverse effects of testosterone in athletes?
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- growth disturbances
- hepatic disturbances - behavioral effects - "roid rage" |
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What are the contraindications of androgens?
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- pregnancy
- cardiovascular disease -MALES with prostate or breast cancer (even through it's used for FEMALE breast cancer) |
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T/F Androgens can be used in the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction?
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true
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What is the clinical use of Flutamide, Nilutamide (nilandron), and Bicalutamide (Casodex) ?
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Treatment of Prostate Cancer
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What is the mechanism of action of Flutamide, Nilutamide (nilandron), and Bicalutamide (Casodex)
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They are nonsteroidal competitive androgen receptor antagonists
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T/F: Spironolactone blocks both the mineralcorticoid receptor and the androgen receptor so it can be used to treat hirsutism in females.
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true
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Which GnRH analog drugs are used to manage precocious puberty?
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-Leuprolide (Lupron, Lupon Depot)
-Nafarelin (Synarel) - Histrelin (Supprelin La) |
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Which drugs block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
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-Finasteride (Propecia, Proscar)
-Dutasteride (Avodart) - Dutasteride/Tamsulosin (Jalyn) |
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What is the difference between Proscar and Propecia?
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Proscar is given in 5mg for treatment of bening prostate hyperplasia - 1/2 life is 1 hour
Propecia is given 1 mg for male pattern baldness - 1/2 life is 5 weeks (both are 5-alpha reductase inhibitors) |
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Which drug is used to prevent hair loss?
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Finasteride (Propecia)
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Which drugs are used for treatment of bening prostatic hyperplasia?
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Finasteride (Proscar)
Dutasteride (Avodart) Dutasteride/Tamsulosin (Jalyn) |
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T/F: Prostate cells and hair follicles require DHT instead of testosterone for androgenic effects.
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true!
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Which drug inhibits 17-alpha-hydroxylase and it used for the tx of castration-resistant metastatic prostate carcinoma?
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Abiraterone (Zytiga)
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