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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do cities require to support themselves? |
Agricultural surplus |
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What are hunter/gatherers, bows, and stone and wood characteristics of? |
Old Stone Age |
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What is another term for the Neolithic Age? |
New Stone Age |
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Around what time did the new stone age begin? |
8,000 BCE |
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The domestication of animals is a characteristic of what time period? |
New Stone Age |
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Around what time period did the Bronze Age begin? |
3000 BCE |
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What two inventions were key to life in the fertile crescent? |
Irrigation & Writing |
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The Akkadians, ruled what area for 200 years? |
Mesopotamia |
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Who took control of Mesopotamia after the Akkadians, leading to a period of chaos? |
Dynasty of Ur |
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Who ruled during the period of "Old Babylon" following the Dynasty of Ur? |
Amorites |
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Who ruled the Amorites? |
King Hammurabi |
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"Eye for an Eye", Family Laws, Land Ownership; these are laws characteristic of what law code? |
King Hammurabi's law code |
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After the Amorites, who ruled starting ~1600 BCE, and in what order? |
Hittites attacked from North Kassites from East Hittites leave with spoils Kassites rule for 300 years Hurians made kingdom of Mitani in upper valley for ~100 years before being conquered by Hittites |
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Why was cuneiform initially invented?
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To keep track of goods |
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What were the three progressively more abstract marks used in cuneiform writing?
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Pictographs - symbols of objects Ideograms - symbols of ideas Phonetic marks - marks for spoken words |
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What did cuneiform utilize in place of an alphabet? |
Syllabary
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What base of numbers did mesopotamian culture use? |
60 (sexagesimal) instead of 10 (hexadecimal) |
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What 3 engineering feats are the mesopotamians known for? |
Canals The wheel Ziggurats |
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Mesopotamian view of afterlife? |
The dead wander in a shadowy netherworld
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What are 2 well known mesopotamian stories? |
Gilgamesh Enuma Elish |
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What occurs in the epic of Gilgamesh? |
Gilgamesh, king of Uruk searches for immortality There is a great flood |
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What occurs in the Enuma Elish?
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description of creation |
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Was egyptian or mesopotamian civilization unified first? And why? |
Egyptian due to the geography: there were deserts on each side of the Nile, so they only had to defend the North and South sides |
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6 periods of Egyptian civilization |
Archaic (Early dynastic) Old Kingdom First intermediate period Middle Kingdom 2nd Intermediate period New Kingdom |
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What characterized the end of Egyptian dynasties? |
Reign of Cleopatra Its inclusion into Rome's empire |
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The nile valley was unified during what period?
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Archaic/Early Dynastic |
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Who had most of the power during the Old Kingdom in Egypt? |
Pharaohs |
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What was the cause of the first intermediate period in Egypt? |
Failed pharaohs, and decentralized power |
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Who were the leaders of local districts in the first intermediate period in Egypt? |
Nomarchs, or Nomes |
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What caused the end of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt? |
Invasion of the Hyksos on chariots |
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What caused the beginning of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt? |
Restoration of central government |
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Who overthrew the Hyksos and caused the end of the Second Intermediate Period in Egypt? |
Ahmose |
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During the New Kingdom, Egypt experienced wars with whom? |
Hittites |
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Where were the two wars between the Egyptians and the Hittites? |
At Megiddo - known as "Armageddon" At Kadesh - led to a peace treaty |
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Differences between Egyptian and Mesopotamian views of afterlife? |
Egyptian: could be happy Mesopotamian: saw it as sad |
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Who brought the Egyptian culture closer to monotheism, and how? |
Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV), who only worshipped the god Aton |
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Who invented leap years? |
Egyptians |
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What came before cuneiform writing? |
Hieroglyphics |
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When did civilization spread beyond river valleys and why? |
~2000 BC, due to trade and imperialistic expansion |
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What two civilizations created the first international peace treaty? |
Egyptians and Hittites |
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Who were the people that upset the balance between Hittites and Egyptians? |
The sea peoples |
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What are characteristics of the Minoans? |
Existed same time as Hittites and Egyptians On the island of Crete Ancient writings Linear A (undiscovered) and linear B Powerful maritime empire - would ram other vessels Palaces destroyed by Mycenaeans |
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What civilization invaded the Minoans on Crete? |
Mycenaeans |
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What kingdom depicted in the Iliad was a bunch of small kingdoms of warriors who would band together for conquest? |
Mycenaeans |
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What caused the downfall of the Mycenaeans? |
The sea peoples |
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What is the most important phoenician colony? |
Carthage |
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What civilization was well known for dominating maritime commerce and for trading purple dyes made from shellfish? |
Phoenicians |
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What civilization was known as the Iron Age War Machine? |
Assyrians |
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What civilization that conquered Egypt was known for their siege warfare and iron weapons? |
Assyrians |
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What caused the downfall of the Assyrians? |
Hatred-fueled revolts caused by their brutal deportation and suppressions of rebellion Overextending themselves after invading egypt |
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What Neo-Babylonian ruler caused the Babylonian captivity? |
Nebuchadnezzar II |
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Who defeated Nebuchadnezzar II and where was he from? |
Cyrus the Great of Persia |
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Cyrus the Great was a great ruler of what kingdom? |
Persia |
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What ruler conquered the Neo-Babylonians without bloodshed by using their religious disputes at the time to gain their trust? |
Cyrus the Great |
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Which Persian rulers followed Cyrus the great before Persia was conquered by Alexander? |
Cambyses, Darius, and Xerxes |
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Who was instructed by Yahweh to migrade to a land near the Mediterranean sea? |
Abraham |
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Who was Abraham's grandson? |
Jacob |
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What name was Jacob (Abraham's grandson) later given? |
Israel |
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Who liberated the Hebrews in Egypt? |
Moses |
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When the Hebrews were liberated from Egypt, who was then (and had long before Abraham) been occupying their old land? |
Canaanites |
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Who led the 12 tribes to fight the Canaanites? |
Saul |
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Who first secured the borders of Israel, with the capitol at Jerusalem? |
David |
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Who was Solomon's father? |
David
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Who built the temple for Yahweh at Mt. Zion? |
Solomon |
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What two divisions of Hebrews formed after Solomon's death? |
Kingdom of Israel (North) & Kingdom of Judah (South) |
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What is the term for Abraham's pledge of loyalty to Yahweh? |
Covenant |
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What is a potential source for the monotheistic views of the Hebrews? |
From the Pharaoh's reforms |
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What did the Hebrews accept on Mt. Sinai on their way to Canaan? |
Ten Commandmets & Covenant |
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What were the Hebrews' opinions of the prophets? |
That prophets were sent to remind of punishments for not being faithful to Yahweh |
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Who denounced Ahab for executing a subject, and what did Ahab do? |
Elijah denounced Ahab & Ahab repented |
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What did the prophets say was essential to monotheism? |
Social justice |
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Who attacked and deported the Kingdom of Israel from the North? |
Assyrians |
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What did the Kingdom of Judah think when the Assyrians attacked and deported the Kingdom of Israel? |
Believed it was proof that belief in polytheism led to divine wrath |
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Where does the name "Jew" come from? |
Hebrews from Judah/Judea |
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When did the Hebrews rebuild the temple in Jerusalem? |
When Cyrus overthrew the Neo-Babylonians |
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What was the name of the Jewish sect who was inspired to preach monotheism and seek to convert pagans? |
Christianity |
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When Jews chose to remain in Babylon instead of returning to Jerusalem, what did that mark the beginning of? |
The Diaspora |
