Ancient Mesopotamia

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an area of flat land that rises above the surrounding land

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plateau

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a long period of dry weather

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drought

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a system of writting that used wedge-shaped symbols to represent sounds, ideas, and objects developed in ancient Sumer

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cuneiform

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a self-governing city, often with surrounding lands and villages

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city-state

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a large temple located in the centers fo ancient Sumerian cities

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Ziggurat

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the belief in many gods and goddesses

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polytheism

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a written set of laws that apply to everyone under a government

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code of law

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something that makes something else happen

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cause

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something that happens as a result of a cause

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effect

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the religion of the Jewish people

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Judaism

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the first 5 books of the Hebrew bible containing the laws and teachings of Judaism

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Torah

Front 12

a belief in one God

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monotheism

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according to the Hebrew Bible the laws God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai

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ten commandments

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a weekly day of rest, prayer, and study

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sabbath

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the scattering of Jews to many parts of the world

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diaspora

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The Fertile Crescent is in ________________

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western Asia

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The Fertile Crescent covers the present day countries of _____________, __________, ___________, and _____________

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Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel

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Two rivers, _______________ and _____________ made life in the Fertile Crescent possible.

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Tigris and Euphrates

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The land between these 2 rivers was known as __________________

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Mesopotamia

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In Greek the word Mesopotamia means

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Land Between Two Rivers

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In ___________ ______________ drought and irregular flooding make ________________ difficult

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Southern Mesopotamia

farming

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In Northern Mesopotamia, usually _____________________. Yet the ____________________

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there was enough rain to make farming possible

rocky earth of the northern plateau only had pockets of fertile soil

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The farmers of Mesopotamia produced __________________

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surplus crops

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These ________________ allowed for specialization, which in turn led to the _______________________

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surpluses

growth of towns and cities

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Mesopotamian farmers used ____________________

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canal systems to control dangerous flooding making their land productive

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__________________ Mesopotamia had large ________________________

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Southern

surpluses

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The large surpluses allowed an increasing number of people to _______________________

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live as skilled workers in the cities

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Several small cities in Southern Mesopotamia were known as __________________

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Sumer

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The people valued _________________ highly.

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independence

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___________________________ (7 things) could be widely shared thanks to Cuneiform.

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Laws, letters, records, stories, instructions, riddles, and proverbs

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_______________________ was the system of writing developed in ________________

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Cuneiform
Sumer

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Sumerian life centered around _____________________ of Southern Mesopotamia

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city-states

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A ____________________ is a self-governing city that also governs surrounding villages

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city-state

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___________________ was a Sumerian mythical hero.

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Gilgamesh

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Gilgamesh was part ______________________________

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god and part man and as strong as an ox

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A _________________ was a large mud-brick building with a ________________ on its peak

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ziggurat

temple

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Sumerians religious beliefs involved _______________ which is belief in ___________

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polytheism
many gods and goddesses

Front 38

Sargon, __________________, united the city-states

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king of the city-state Kish

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Sargon expanded his empire to _____________________________

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the northern endof the Fertile Crescent (present day Syria)

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_________________ spread through the Fertile Crescent along with ________________

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Cuneiform writing
trade goods

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Because ____________ was used throughout his empire, Sargon could _______________

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Cuneiform

send instructions and govern over great distances

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Babylon's King _______________ began to gain control of the old city-states of _______________

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Hammurabi
Sumer

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_______________ and the Babylonians dammed key parts of ______________________

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Hammurabi
the Euphrates

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What 2 things did damming part of the river give them power to?

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1. cut off flow of water
2. cause terrible floods

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_______________ created a huge empire

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Hammurabi

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Hammurabi oversaw projects to ___________________________

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build and repair canals

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The ________________________ is one of the oldest codes of law

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Code of Hammurabi

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Babylon was destoryed by rulers from a Northern Mesopotamian city called

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Nineveh

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Later, the Babylonians made __________ the capital of an even stronger empire.

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Babylon

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Archaeologists believe that ancient ________________ invented the __________

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Mesopotamians
wheel

Front 51

The Hebrew Bible is the _________ people's record of their history and their religion which is called ________________

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Jewish

Judaism

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To reach the land of ____________ Abraham would have set out on the _____________ that linked major cities of the _________

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Canaan
trade routes
Fertile Crescent

Front 53

When Abraham arrived in __________, the Bible says God made a _________ with him

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Canaan
covenant

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This ________________ God made with Abraham is considred by the Jewish people to be the ___________ of their history

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covenant
beginning

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The Jewish people's descendants would become known as people of _______________

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Israel

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The Jewish people also became known as __________

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Jews

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The people of Israel went to _____________ where food could be found.

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Egypt

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The people of Israel became __________

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slaves

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Moses was born to ____________ but was adopted by ____________________

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Israelite parents
Pharaoh's daughter

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Raised in the royal household, he experienced all the _____________________

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wealth and power of Egypt

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After he killed an Egyptian, ____________ fled to the land of Midian.

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Moses

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God called ___________ and told him to free the _____________ from Egypt.

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Moses
Israelites

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Moses is now seen as a ______________

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prophet

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Moses led the Israelites into the wilderness of ____________

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Eastern Egypt

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The Israelites wandered for _____________

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40 years

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On Mount Sinai, God gave Moses _____________________

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5 books of laws and teachings

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In Hebrew, the first 5 books of law are known as the ____

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Torah

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Among the laws God gave Moses were the __________________

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10 Commandments

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Who was a Sumerian mythical hero was was part man, part god, and strong as an ox?

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Gilgamesh

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Who was the king of the city-state Kish, united the city-state under his power and used Cuneiform

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Sargon

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Who was the king of Babylon who attacked the Sumerians and dammed part of the Euphrates River.

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Hammurabi

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Who left the city-state of Ur and journeyed to Canaan and God made a covenant with him

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Abraham

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Who was born to Israelite parents and adopted by phararoh's daughter?

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Moses

Front 74

What is a self-governing city that also governs surrounding villages

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city-state

Front 75

What is a large building with a temple at its peak?

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ziggurat

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Why was it difficult to farm in southern Mesopotamia?

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because of droughts and flooding at the wrong time

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Why was the Code of Hammurabi important?

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It applied to everyone under a government

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What was the Code of Hammurabi?

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the world's oldest written code of laws

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Why did the Israelites leave Canaan and go to Egypt?

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because it was a time of poor crops and terrible hunger in Canaan

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Why was Nineveh important to Babylon?

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Nineveh's rulers destroyed Babylon and 60 years later the Babylonians rebuilt Babylon and make it into an even stronger empire

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What king of Babylon attacked the Sumerians?

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Hammurabi

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What Hebrew prophet grew up in Egypt?

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Moses

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Who was a Sumerian hero?

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Gilgamesh

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Who united the kingdom of Kish other city-states?

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Sargon

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Who made a covenant with God?

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Abraham

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What king of Kish used cuneiform to expand his empire?

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Sargon

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Who traveled to Canaan?

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Abraham

Front 88

What king of Babylon dammed parts of the Euphrates River?

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Hammurabi

Front 89

Who traveled to Mount Sinai where he was given the Torah?

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Moses