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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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civiizations
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complex societies with cities, organized governemts, art, religion, class divsions and a writing system
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Mesoptamia
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early center of civilization, in the area of current day Iraq. It is greek for "The Land Between the Rivers" because it is between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
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Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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These rivers merge with eachother at the Persian Gulf. It is near ancient Mesopotamia
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irrigation
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a way of transporting water by making dams, channels, water ways, walls and ditches. farmers use irrigation to water their crops
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Sumer
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a country in Mesopotamia (current day Iraq) that has many city states. Sumerians made inventions, and created cuneiform
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city-state
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an independant state made up of a city and surrounded by farmland. it has its own government, and it isnt part of a larger unit
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ziggurat
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a temple that people visited to pray. It was sacred to sumerians, it had huge walls, and the top of the tower was holy. Ziggurat means "Hill of Heaven" or "Mountain of God"
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artisan
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skilled workers who made metal products, cloth or pottery
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cuneiform
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Sumerian system of writing made up of hundreds of wedge shaped markins. The wrote with sharp sticks known as stylus and wrote on clay tablets
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scribes
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record keeprers. usually boys. trained on reading and writing cuneiform
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Gligamesh
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a hero who traveled with a friend, perfroming good deeds. he discovered living forever is only possible for gods.
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What are 3 social classes
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lower. middle, upper
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inventions
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wheel, number system based on 60, plow, sailboat
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Upperclass
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kings, priests, government officials
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MIddleclass
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artisans, merchants, fishers, farmers
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lowerclass
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enslved people
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Assyria
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an empire that rose in Mesopotamia. founded by the assyrians, who lived north, near the tigris river. it had fertile valleys that attracted invaders
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why were the assyrians strong?
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they had a well organized army, and strong weapons. they were the first to use iron in their weapons.
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provinces
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political district
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why were the assyrian soldiers considered brutal and cruel.
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because they attacked cities by tunneling under walls, or climbed the walls with a ladder. they used battering rams, and once the city was captured, they burned the buildings and took its goods and people
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Chaldeans
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the last people who dominated a part of Mesopotamia. they burned down ninevah (the capital of the assyrian empire), and conqured the land in 612 B.C.
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Nebuchadnezzar
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the king of the Chaldean Empire. ruled from 605-562 B.C
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Hanging Gardens
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an immense staircase of greenery at the king's palace. the king (nebuchadnezzar) built it for his wife
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caravans
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groups of traveling merchants
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people who study heavenly bodies
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astronomers
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why is Mesopotamia called the cradle of civilization?
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it is the center, and begining of all first civizations known to man. its where civilizations grew larger and thrived.
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Sargon
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the founder of Akkad
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empire
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group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government e.g. Chaldeans
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Hammurabi's Code
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an organized set of laws, which may were the first laws recorded ever. many thought his laws were harsh, but others thought they were fair.
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Babylon
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an ancient city in Mesopotamia. Babylonians, then Chaldeans.
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