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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Edict of Milan |
A proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the empire, it was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Milan. |
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The Council of Nicaea |
The first council of the Christian church, hoped that a general council of the church would solve the problem created in the Eastern church by Arianism. |
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Islam/Muslim |
TheArabian Peninsula developed a few important oasis cities along trade routes, trade attracted a diverse population, which was made up of mixed cultureinto which Islam was born |
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Muhammad |
Merchant, who was the founder of Islam and its adherents “Muslims”. Fatima was his wife |
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Mecca |
Muhammad's birth place and Islam’s holiest city. |
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Kaaba |
Thesite of a rectangular stone building in the center of Islam, most sacred site in Islam |
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Medina |
Aspiritual as well as a literal journey for it meant a break with the tribe ofone’s birth and a commitment to a new community whose members were bound byfaith not by blood |
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The Five Pillars of Islam |
1.Strict monotheism (“there is no god by Allah and Muhammad is the prophet ofAllah”) 2. Prayer (5 times daily) 3. Almsgiving 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan, 5. Pilgrimage to Meca |
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Sunni |
Those who follow the “traditions” of the prophet honored by Islam’s historic dynasties, represented the majority |
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Visigoths/Ostrogoths |
Ostrogoths were German (east) and Visigoths (west) |
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Odoacer/Romulus Agustulus |
Odoacer was the last of the west figurehead emperors, a 15-year-old boy who was ponderously named for Rome |
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The Carolingians |
formed by the intermarriage of the heirs of the two most powerful men in the Austrasian court of the King, controlled the office of mayor of the palace, a kind of prime ministry, and were more powerful that the rulers they served |
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Pippin I |
Established a dynamic dynasty, used his powerful position as “mayor of the palace” in the Merovingian court to build the basis of his family’s power. |
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Charles Matel (Battle of Poitier) |
Military acumen was the basis for continued consolidation of power particularly the defeat of the Arabs at Poitiers |
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Charlemagne |
Built on the foundation provided by his Carolingian forebears, pursued a successful program of alliances by marriage, successful in several campaigns that allowed him to expand his control of most of western Europe, made Frankish territories into 600 countries and overseen by "missi-dominici”, crowned emperor by Pope Leo III |
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The “Problem” of Charlemagne's Coronation |
His coronation was also meant to put the world on notice that Europe was emerging from the decline, felt that since the Pope is superior to Charlemagne, which caused a power struggle between the Pope and Charlemagne |
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Missi Dominici |
“emissaries of the lord” sent out to check up on his governors and hear complaints against them, but it is doubtful that this did much to stem corruption or halt abuse of power |
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Louis the Pious |
Well educated, not destined for throne. First act becoming emperor was to purge the court whose conduct was not up to his strict standards, believed churches needed reformed |
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Lothai, Louis the Germany, Charles the Bald |
All sons of Louis the Pious
Lothair- oldest son (pie shape in between the brothers)
Louis the German- middle son (Eastern side)
Charles the Bald- youngest son (Western side) |
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Primogenitur |
the first oldest son born inherits everything |
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The Treaty of Verdun |
ended their war, made territorial split permanent |
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Feudalism |
Germanic and French traditions, incorporated social, economic, political, and religious elements, result was a complex, hierarchical system with defined right and obligations based on relationships between a lord and his vassals, helped drive the middle ages |
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Homage/ Intermingling of Hands |
These rituals of an individual who was commending himself by placing his hands between those of his lord, preforming act of homage and swearing an oath of fidelity |
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Lord and Vassal |
Lord- provide land and protection Vassal- provided payment in kind andmilitary support |
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The Carolingian Renaissance |
Most enduring legacy was his patronage of cathedral and monastery schools to promote Christian subjects, created a more educated clergy, that promoted the copying of religious and secular texts |
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Illuminated Manuscripts |
manuscripts of neglected works to build library collections and then published to improved editions of ancient texts |
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Missals and Psalters |
the rules written |
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Uncials/Miniscule |
Standardized shapes for the letters and taught students to leave space between words; made reading easier and more efficient |
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The Vernerable Bede |
Author of The Ecclesiastic History of the English People, provided a critical history of early Britain, popularized the system of dating |
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St. Boniface |
baptized thousands and used his authority to resolve the problems of many other Christians who had fallen out of contact with the roman Catholic Church |
Boniface baptized |
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Anno Domini |
means "in the year of our lord”, it is the AD after the date |
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Beowulf |
first non-religious document written for the Anglo-Saxon, preserves a considerable amount of information regarding the culture of the Anglo Saxons |
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Definition of “State" |
organized territories with definite geographic boundaries, central governments with strong administrations and uniformity of law, organized means of managing interstate relations |
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German Diets and the Nature of the German Imperial Life |
imperial families were elected by the German nobility in collective meetings called diets |
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Otto I |
Was elected to be first German emperor, was the weakest because he was the poorest |
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Battle of Leechfeld |
Otto obtaining control of Hungry |
Otta get the leaches off to get hungry |
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Henry IV |
Was the weakest family member, was 6 when he became ruler, very smart in his 20’s and powerful |
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The Investiture Controversy |
An on going struggle between the church and the state |
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Gregory VII |
(A pope) Going against what the church wanted, used the church as a business |
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Dictatus Pape |
27 statements of powers arrogated to the pope that was included in Gregory VII register |
The pope was a dic so they had to make 27 rules |
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The Contest at Canossa |
HenryIV met the pope and apologized in person for his actions |
Henry contested the pope and lost so he had to apologize |
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The Concordat of Worms |
Provide protection to churches, that churches were only used for Religious needs ONLY |
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Landesherrschaft |
nobility has control over their own land |
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Frederick II |
Abandoned hope for any real political unity from Sicily, no connections to Germany |
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Statutes in Favor of the German Princes |
He didn't want to rule anymore so he wrote a page saying he didn't want to rule |
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The Capetians (French) |
built their prominence on religious claims "Royal touch" |
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Hugh Capet |
Established a dynasty ruling over territories around Paris, had a church with religious claim "Crown of Thorns" which brought people to the city |
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Louis IX
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Continued providence administrations to operate but subject all to the final authority of "The Parliament of Paris"
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Blanche of Castille |
Wife of Louis XIII, lead until her son Louis IX was of age, she led marches |
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Baillis and seneschals |
Officials and employees of the French monarchy hired to administrate French territories |
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Parlement de Paris |
Court of appeal that settled disputes to be settled in Paris, any problems that couldn't be settled locally was sent there.
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The Anglo-Saxons (England) |
refers to settlers from the German religions who made their way over to Britan after the fall of the roman empire ruler Alfred the Great
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sheriff |
People who kept the city clean of crime |
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Shire |
an area of land, institutional system
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Writ |
Written instructions so the Anglo-Saxons could read the rules |
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Normans |
People who gave their name to Normandy |
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William I
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part of the Normans who adopted the Anglo-Saxon and Norman institutions to create a more unified England
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Battle of Hastings
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fought between the Normans and the french army of William I, Duke of Normandy and the English army under the Anglo-Saxon king beginning the Norman conquest of England (William I)
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Domesday Book |
a book that understands what land William I rules |
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Common Law
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single standard of Justice in the England and developed procedures that still exist today
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Thomas Becket |
England's chancellor, leader of the archbishop of Canterbury |
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King John (Lackland) |
Rules when king Richard leaves to fight in the third Crusade |
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Magna Carta |
No man is deprived without due process, no man is above the Law (Not even the king) |
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Henry III |
acceded to the throne at the age of 9, his poor rule resulted in the creation of it's parliamentary system, childish ways through his reign |
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Reconquest |
long series of wars and battles between the Christian kingdoms and the Muslims moors for control of the Iberian Peninsula |
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Sancho I |
led the small state of Navarre in several successful forays against the Muslims |
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Urban II and the (Holy War) |
Pope Urban II gave a speech about giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to go to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land led to the first crusade |
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Peter the Hermit |
was a priest that went town to town to preach out about the first crusade |
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Raymond (french), Geoffrey (french), and Bohemond (Italy) |
Led the first crusade, all well trained, made an alliance with Alexius for supplies, after 2 years they captured Jerusalem |
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Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine
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King and Queen of France both went to fight in the second crusade to give assistance to the Christians
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Damascus |
City north of Jerusalem with the Christians until Louis VII attacked them an they shifted their allegiance to the Turks
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Saladin |
Muslim military,and political leader, took control of Jerusalem, led Islamic forces, made a deal with Richard the Lionhearted |
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Richard Lionhearted (England), Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), Philip Augustus (France) |
All led the Third Crusade,Barbarossa died taking a bath, Philip fell ill and went back to France, Richard kept fighting but then made a truce with Saladin
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Enrico Dandolo (doge) |
took his troops to Constantinople to fight other Christians |
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Implications of the Crusades |
People diminished interest in participating in them, The West’s involvement opened up a new demand for luxuries that sparked all sorts of changes that lead to the High Middle Ages and, the Renaissance |
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