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41 Cards in this Set
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Corpus Juris Civil |
"Body of Civil Law" Issued by the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian around 530AD. Contains 3 parts, the digest, the codex and the institutes. Cleaned up old Roman Law Code and got rid of any outdated and contradictory laws in it.
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Treaty of Verdun |
Signed in 843AD
Ended the Carolingian Civil War between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious and Grandsons of Charlemagne.
Divided the empire among Lothair I, Charles the Bald and Louis the German.
Signed after Charles and Louis allied together and defeated Lothair's forces at the Battle of Fontenay.
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Theodora |
500-550AD
Wife/Empress of Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.
Originally a commoner, which it was not legal for an Emperor to marry one, but Justinian changed the law because he liked her so much.
She is a monophysite, believes in god, but not the trinity. Spends lots of money trying to reduce persecution of people with this belief.
Encourages Justinian to stay in the city of Constantinople and fight when the Nika riot breaks out in 535.
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Merovingians |
Frankish people who move into Gaul around 450
Eventually becomes a powerful line of kings
Clovis becomes king of all Franks and expands into modern day France, Holland and Germany
Merovingians set the stage for the Carolingian Dynasty |
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Charlemagne |
Frankish King and later Holy Roman Emperor.
Ruled 768-814
Introduces feudalism to Europe, divides Frankish territory into 600 pieces.
Introduces 2 new government positions, Scabini and Missi Dominici. Which are charged with traveling the kingdom and administering justice on the King's behalf.
Also makes an effort to preserve old documents by re-writing them in Carolingian text. |
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Canon Law |
IDK |
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Ka'Ba |
Islamic holy site located in the Great Mosque at Mecca.
Large square made out stone
Has been rebuilt several times since it's earliest recording around 2000BCE.
Initially built by Abraham and Ishmael after the site was shown to them by Allah. |
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Caliph |
Title held by the ruler of the Muslim community.
First Caliph was Abu Bakr after the death of Muhammad in 632AD
Assumed the role of Muhammad in the fields of religion and politics.
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Sunna |
The body of legal and social customs in the Islamic community.
Formed from the teachings of muhammad shortly after his death in 630AD. |
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Quran |
Translates into "The Recitation"
Sacred religious text of the Islamic faith
Written compilation of the teachings of Muhammad that were revealed to him by the Archangel Gabriel.
Written in Arabic language during the 7th century.
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The Five Pillars of Islam |
The 5 core principles that make up the faith of Islam: Prayer, shahada, fasting, charity and pilgrimage.
If a believer follows all of these steps over the course of his life, they will be granted entrance into Paradise. |
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Mozarabs |
Christians who were permitted to continue their religious practices after the invasion and occupation of Spain by the Umayyad Caliphate in 711.
Mozarabs could bypass the military service required of Muslims by paying a tax to the Caliphate instead. |
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Al Kwarizmi |
Persian scholar who lived 780-850AD
Wrote several books on the subjects of Geometry and geography.
Later responsible for the introduction of Hindu-Arabic numerals into mathematics in Europe. |
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Bantu |
A group of African people who originated near modern day Nigeria around 2000BCE
Spread their language and iron making techniques throughout Africa over the next 1500 years.
Many different versions of Bantu language
The Language is still widely used throughout Africa today.
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Mogadishu |
A major port city located on the east coast of Africa in modern day Somalia
Founded by Muslim traders who came there from the Arabian Peninsula sometime between the 8th and 10th century.
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Sundiata |
African king of the Mali Empire from 1230-1255CE
Stationed his court in the city of Niani, which transformed it into a great center of commerce in Western Africa
Expanded Mali territory into Ghana through military conquests.
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Timbuktu |
An early African city located near the Niger River.
Originally was a campsite for desert nomads, but soon became a thriving trade city under Mansa Musa during the 14th century.
Also featured a reknowned university that lasted until the 18th century. |
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Sudan |
Region located on the East coast of Africa.
Was a prominent African Kingdom from 1000BCE to 1500CE.
Began when nomadic people began to use agricultural methods to procure food using the rich, fertile soil located in the Sudanese Savanna sometime between 1000BCE and 200CE
More food caused a population spike. The people who resided in the communities in this area were often bloodkin so there was relative peace.
With the help of outside trade coming through their territory, some villages became so prosperous that they eventually evolved into small kingdoms with the high priest being the ruler. |
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Berbers |
A group of people located in Northern Africa near the Sahara.
Invented the saddle for use on a camel sometime during the 5th century.
Saddle greatly increased their manuverability which gave them a distinct military advantage over those that entered their territory.
Controlled who could cross the Sahara and who couldn't using tolls and became extremely wealthy charging merchants for escorts to protect them from caravan raiders.
Also set up a large network of caravan routes linking the Mediteranean Coast to Sudan.
Slaves and gold from West Africa were commonly traded along these routes. |
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Kumbi |
The city where the King of Ghana held his court.
Also known as Koumbi Saleh.
Was one of the greatest cities in Western Africa at it's peak in 1240.
Had a population of almost 15,000
Had 12 mosques, indicating it had a large muslim population. |
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Chingas Khan |
The first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Lived 1162-1227
Unified the Mongol tribes into a vast empire that spread from the steppes of Eurasia as far as Poland and Hungary by 1279.
Also ruled that the Mongol Language finally be physically recorded using Turkish Uighur Script. |
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Chandragupta |
Ancient Indian king and founder of the Gupta Dynasty in 320CE.
Modeled his kingdom after the Mauryan Empire.
Retained power by monopolizing essential items such as metal production and salt trade.
United Northern India and brought peace and stability to the Indus Valley.
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Rashid Al-din |
A Persian physician that lived 1247-1318 and served the mongols.
He quickly rose to power and eventually became prime minister.
Helped translate various medicinal and government texts from China with the help of another Mongol ambassador.
Eventually convinced the Khan of Persia that the government should be ruled based on the moral principles of the majority population of the land. So the Khan converted to Islam. |
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Muhammad of Ghur |
Sultan of Ghurid Empire from 1175-1206.
His conquests In northern India established the first great Islamic Empire in India.
Empire stretched from Punjab to Bengal
Also campaigned into Afghanistan.
Empire was divided among his generals after his death in 1206 and formed the Delhi Sultanate.
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Srivijaya |
Malaysian Empire based in Sumatra, Indonesia that flourished off sea trade during the 7th-13th centuries.
Had strong ties to China and was often a site visited by Buddhist pilgrims on their way to India due to their many Buddhist monasteries. |
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Ogodei |
The second Great Khan of the Mongols that ruled after the death of his father Chingas in 1227 until his death in 1141.
3rd born son of Chingas
Expanded the mongol empire west into Russia and Kiev and east into Northern China.
Decided to spare Northern China to utilize it's population and wealth for the betterment of the Mongol Empire rather than leveling it like they did to other areas.
His wife Toregene ruled as regent after his death for 5 years until his eldest son came of age. |
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The Mongols |
Tribal nomadic people who reside in the steppes of Central Asia.
United by Temujin/Chingas Khan and eventually became one of the largest empires in history controlling over 12 milion square miles of territory at it's peak.
Were even able to control China for almost 100 years during the Yuan Dynasty that started with Kublai Khan in 1260. |
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Fujiwara Michinaga |
Powerful Japanese politician in the Heian Court.
Lived 966-1028ce
Uncle to 2 emperors and grandfather of another 3 which represents how powerful and closely knit the Imperial family and the Fujiwara Clan was during his era.
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Shogun |
Japanese military ruler.
First Shogunate started in the Kamakura Period when the Minamoto clan defeated the Taira and set up a feudal system of lordship under the authority of the Shogun Minamoto Yoritomi.
Position was usually passed down hereditary line of males until another lord overthrew them.
Position was prevalent in Japanese government until 1868 when the last Tokugawa Shogun was finally forced to step down from power. |
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Samurai |
Japanese feudal warrior class that first emerged during the Heian period in the 8th century.
Originally appointed by the emperor to fight the indigenous Ainu, but later flocked to other lord's banners that promised them wealth in exchange for loyalty.
Followed the Bushido code which was the Japanese equivalent of chivalry.
Remained an important class in Japanese society until the downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868. |
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Ashikaga Takauji |
First Ashikaga shogun of the Muromachi Period (1338-1573).
Ruled from 1338 to 1358.
Helped Emperor Go_daigo overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate.
Helped commision many temples across Japan, including the famous Tenryu Temple. |
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Go-Daigo |
The 96th Japanese Emperor that ascended to the throne in 1318 and ruled until his death in 1339.
Tried to restore power to the imperial family by ousting the Kamakura Shogunate.
Was able to persuade the shogun's lead commander general Ashikaga Takauji to betray the shogun and use his army to attack Kyoto.
Was later pushed out of Kyoto in 1335 after Takauji felt he was not properly compensated for his efforts in restoring power to the emperor.
Set up his own court in the Yoshino Mountain region after fleeing Tokyo and died shortly after in 1339.
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Lady Murasaki |
Japanese novelist and lady of the Heian Court.
Lived 978-1014
Wrote the famous Japanese epic: "The Tale of Genji" Which is considered to be the world's first novel. |
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Zhu Xi |
A Chinese scholar and philosopher during the Song Dynasty.
Lived 1130-1200CE
Passed the highest civil examination at just 18 years old.
Advocated the standard teaching curriculum for scholars be the Four Great Books: "The Analects", "The Mencious", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Great Learning"
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Hanseatic League |
A group of towns that banded together in Germany around 1200
Had over 200 members/towns
By the end of the 13th century, it controlled most of the trade in Europe through the Baltic.
Ends up having it's own naval fleet to support it's commercial operations. |
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The Great Famine |
Caused in part by the failure of crops across Europe during 1315, but mainly because the population of Europe was skyrocketing during this time frame and barely had enough food to feed themselves as it was.
By 1317, the famine had spread to all classes of European society.
People did not have the energy to efficiently harvest their fields and easily fell ill due to malnutrition
Food supply didn't return to normal levels until 1325.
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Black Death |
Also known as the black plague, first struck Europe in 1347.
Believed to have originated in Asia and carried on ships to Europe.
Spread primarily on the trade routes on European Mainland
Passed to humans primarily through vermin such as fleas and rats.
Killed off roughly 1/3 of Europe's population from 1347-1351
Comes back every 20 years until 1660, although never as bad as first instance of it. |
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Magna Carta |
First signed signed in 1215
King John "The Lackland" forced to sign it after he loses all England's land holdings in France and the English Nobles rebel against him.
Transfers power mostly to the nobles by creating a council of 25 barons to oversee and limit feudal payments to the king
Is reissued again in 1216 after King John dies and his son Henry III takes over.
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Henry II |
English King from 1154-1189
Establishes itinerate justices to roam his domain and issue justice which increases his power. Justice comes from him now, not the church.
Gets rid of the trial by ordeal, no more throwing people in the water to see if they float or not.
Also standardizes his army by creating a kit required of various troop types. (A knight has to show up with 2 lances, a sword, a shield, a horse etc) |
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Guilds |
Trade and craft associations that rise up in Europe during the 13th century.
Causes buying power to go up enormously, people save lots of money buying in bulk at the guilds.
Also creates consistent training for craftsmen.
Eventually grow powerful enough that they are able to have a considerable say in the town's politics. |
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Innocent II |
Most powerful medieval pope who rules from 1130-1143.
Confirmed the rule and custom of the Knights Templars at the Council of Sens in 1140.
Also places France under interdict for Louis VII not accepting the papal choice for the Archbishop of Bourges. |
