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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Harrapan--Diffusion
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1st Civ. Indus Valley. Traded w/Mesopatamia. 1st Complex Cities. Long Dark Age
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Aryans--Diffusion
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1500BCE-500BCE. Dispute over source. Arch Source v. Ling Source. Military skills/tech bronze/iron. Brahmanism. Caste System. Sanskrit--> Hindi. Spread territorial Kingdoms.
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Persians--Diffusion
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Conquered Indus Valley&beyond.Aramaic Script. Money-silver coins. Provinces (admin districts). Open up markets in Mesop (textiles,dyes,spices. Intr. Tech. Create/manag empires. Leads to Chandragupta creating indigenous Indian Empire.
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Greeks--Diffusion
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Reinforced Global Trade networks. Impact on Kushan period art. Impact mostly faded upon Greek withdrawal.
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Roman Trading networks--Diffusion
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Often thru ocean traffic
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Indian Diffusion Outward--
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Taste for spices. Incense. Vibrant Dyes/fabrics. Religion: Brahmanism-->Hinduism-->Janism-->Buddhism.
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Taxila
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an early center of learning dating back to at least the 5th century BCE
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Pattala
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Surparaka
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Ujjain
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Sravasti
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Kausambi
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Kasi
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Tamralipti
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Tosali
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Kanchi
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Anuradhapura
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Indus River
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Ganges River Valley
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Thar Desert
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Himalayas Mountains
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Samsara-yoga
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Vardhamana Mahavira
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Harrapan
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Chandragupta
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Siddhartha Gautama
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Arjuna
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Ashoka
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Rigveda
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Dravidians
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Aryans
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Brahmanians
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Tirthankaras
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caste system
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Indo-European Languages
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Vedas
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Upanishads
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Rigveda
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"middle way"
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outcastes
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varna
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dharma
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karma
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Mohenjo-daro
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Bhagavad Gita
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siddha
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jina
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ajiva
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nirvana
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moksha
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Mauryan dynasty
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shudra
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Mahayana
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raja
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eight-fold path
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manumission
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ascetism
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sky-clad
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white-clad
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yoga
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"Four Noble Truths"
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1. First Settlers – 3000BC-1500BC
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a. Harappan-Indus Valley (300 cities .5M sq mi.)
Indo-European – Sanskrit Sumerian/Harappan Connections i. Internally generated (not military) Earthquakes Climate Disease Irrigation ii. 1000 years in small villages |
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2. Aryans & Vedic Age – 1500BC-500
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a. Roots of Indian Culture
i. Indo-European Language tradition ii. Organized military skills iii. Spread Kingdoms around India territorial kingships iv. Technology: Iron age v. Brahmanism vi. Caste system |
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3. Caste System
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a. Extremely rigid & rooted in religious beliefs (dharma)
b. Classes i. Brahman (priests) ii. Warriors & officials iii. Merchants iv. Peasants & Laborors v. Outcastes & untouchable |
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4. Family structure
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a. Patriarchal
b. Women i. Institutionally inferior Ritually unclean ii. Behind the scenes women exert great power |
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5. Slavery
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a. Must treat well (in theory)
b. Not a major part of their economy c. Often spoils of war d. Professions: fields, mines, & houses |
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a. Harappin example (literate)
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i. Complex engineering
ii. Urban planning (grid streets, underground sewer, tract housing) |
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b. Aryan
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i. Sanskrit (maybe oldest indo-european lang)
ii. Complex politics (kingdoms) iii. Brahmanism |
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c. General
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i. Women often seen as intellectual equals
ii. Educational attainment was caste dependent (limited education to higher castes) iii. General accomplishments 1. Ashoka (first dated Indian texts) 2. Spice production 3. Dyes/color production 4. Incense 5. Textiles / weaving iv. Intellectual Advances through Persian/Greek diffusion 1. Coins/money 2. Govt/admin/empire building 3. Adopted greek artistic styles 4. Maritime/navigational advances 5. Road building techniques from Persians 6. Reverse diffusion: Indian folk tales translated to Greek |
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2. Religious learning (Ed. tied to religion
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a. Nature of religious “education”
i. Metaphysics/ontology ii. Morality/ethics b. Textual (books) i. Rigveda (Aryan) ii. Vedas iii. Sutras (Buddhism) iv. Baghavad Gita (hindu) v. 8-Fold path (ethics & mental discipline) vi. Code of Manu c. Experential i. Yoga ii. Martial Arts iii. Meditation iv. Tithankaras (religious teachers) |
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a. Common Metaphysics
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i. Reincarnation (Samsara) -- Except Taoism
ii. Karma – iii. View of some gods as symbolic of “characteristics” iv. Denial of Self Liberates the Soul v. Moksha/Nirvana – All but Taoism Non-dualism (jar metaphor) |
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b. Teachers / Authorities (crossing the stream)
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i. Hindu – Brahman (gurus)
ii. Jainists – Tirthankaras iii. Buddhists – Dali Lama & Monks/Masters iv. Taoists – Masters (healers, magicians, etc.) |
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c. Non-violence (ahimsa) – All
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i. Jainism (almost absolute)
ii. Others (important principle |
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d. Accepting Nature – All
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i. Acceptance of diverse paths (Jainism is exception)
ii. Common methods to enlightenment, but many paths to enlightenment iii. Polytheism more accommodating to competing ideas |
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a. Differences in Paths
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i. Role of teachers vs. Individualism
1. Hinduism (both) 2. Jainism (Sky vs. white-clad) 3. Buddhism (Mahayana vs. Theravada) 4. Taoism (both) ii. Textual vs. Experiential (practice) Emphasis 1. Hinduism (both) 2. Jainism (practice) 3. Buddhism (practice) 4. Taoism (practice) |
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b. Conception of God(s) / No God
Monotheism, Polytheism vs. pantheism, atheism. |
1. Hinduism (all & none)
2. Jainism (no creator God, but all can be gods) 3. Buddhism (no creator god, but can have deities) 4. Taoism (no creator god, but has gods & spirits |
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c. Karma
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i. Hinduism (good & bad)
ii. Jainism (eliminate karma) iii. Buddhism (make karma irrelevant) iv. Taoism (no karma) |
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1. Geography
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a. Its Big (almost as big as western Europe)
b. It’s Geographically Isolated i. Oceans on 3 sides ii. Mountains on North iii. Accessible in NW (Indus Valley / Thar Desert c. Big River Deltas |
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2. Environment
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a. Temperate in the North (Himilayas)
b. Monsoons in the South c. Thar Desert |
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a. Evolution of Complex Civilizations & Empires
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i. Harrappan
1. Indus Valley 2. Conflicting evidence on the source of the earliest civs. 3. Geographic location of Harappans implies migration ii. Aryan 1. Indus Valley 2. Dispute of source of Aryans 3. Spoke Sanskrit (maybe migrated?) |
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b. Religion & Culture & Life
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i. Plentiful & Peaceful = Gods that Provide
1. Gods of Natural Forces 2. Purpose is Enlightenment 3. Enlightenment Is to live in harmony with universe & nature ii. More basic concerns were solved by nature & geography |
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c. Agriculture
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i. Plentiful agriculture (food – rice)
ii. Spices (trade) iii. River deltas, (sustainable, fertile soil→stability) |
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d. Diffusion
(Diffusion happens w/the NW) i. Trade |
1. (Env) Products dicated by environ
a. Spices b. Rice c. Dyes d. Textiles/weaving 2. Geo (Trading partners) a. Harappin → Mesopotamia b. (later) Persia → Mesopotamia |
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e. Technology
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i. Tools
plow, wheel 1. Shipbuilding / navigational skills 2. River traffic (barges) ii. Military & Conflict 1. Protected everywhere BUT northwest 2. Aryans 3. Persians (513BCE) 4. Alexander the Great (326BCE) |
