Ancient India

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Location of Indian Subcontinent

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southern asia that extends into the Indian Ocean

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large land mass that juts out from a bigger continent

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subcontinent

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piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides

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peninsula

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This peninsula contains three of the world's 10 most populated countries in the world. They are

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India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

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In the north, the snow covered mountain ranges include these two mountains

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Hindu Kush (northwest) and the Himalayas (northeast)

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There is a passage through the Hindu Kush called the ____________ that serves as a gate way for people to get in and out of India (trading and invaders)

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Khyber Pass

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The tree main regions of India

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Well watered northern plain

dry triangular Deccan Plateau

Coastal Plains on either side of the plateau

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flat raised area of land

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plateau

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The region of the Indian subcontinent is generally arid and unproductive for farming

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Deccan Plateau

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region of fertile and watered lands. the rivers are Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra are known as __________

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well watered northern plateau

lok-mata

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region separated from the plateau by low lying mouthains - eastern and western _______, area of monsoon

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Coastal plains

ghats

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seasonal wind

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monsoons

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Indus Valley Civilization

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Indus Valley Civilization

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evidence suggest that the indus cities had a well organized government

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well planned cities

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two major cities of the indus valley

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Harappa

Mohenjo Dara

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the fact that the city of mohenjo-dara was carefully planned is evidence that the indus valley had an

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organized government

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These cities were well planned and had organized governments because (9 things)

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large

dominate by a huge hilltop fortress

warehouses of grain

grid pattern streets

houses were uniform

plumbing

baths

sewers beneath city

uniform weights and measures

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Most people were _________ and had a variety of crops like wheat barley melons dates and cotton

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farmers

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__________ and _____________ shipped items across the Arabian Sea and up the Persian Gulf

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Merchants and Traders

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polytheistic with their main leader of the source of creation known as

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mother goddess

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worshipped sacred animals especially the

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bull

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is the special regard for cattle

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veneration

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most likely contributed to the decline of civilization in the indus valley

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natural disaster

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Kingdom of the Ganges - Aryans

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Kingdom of the Ganges - Aryans

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move from place to place in search of food

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nomadic

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before they knew how to read and write

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preliterate

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herders

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pastoral

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led by a chief called

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rajah

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all we know about them we found through the _______ - which is a collection of hymns, chants, ritual, and other religious teachings in which priests had to memorize

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vedas

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dogs and goddesses took the form of ____________ such as the subn and the moon

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natural forces

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were polytheistic, their chief deity was the fierce ___________, god of war

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indra

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god of order

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varuna

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the god of fire and communicator with the human

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agni

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wealth was measured in

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cattle

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Most people could not read so the vedas were passed down by word of mouth called an

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oral history

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social group into which people are born and from which they cannot change

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caste system

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the 4 out of 5 social classes were called

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varnas

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later there was a separation of the varnas into smaller groups known as the

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jati

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priest who rule religion

study and teach the vedas

perform religious ceremonies

ensure the welfare of the people

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brahmins

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warriors rulers of government

lead government

head the army

study the vedas

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kshatriyas

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common people including _______________________________

tend the heard

care for the land

make and sell useful goods

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vaisyas

merchants, artisans, farmers

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unskilled laborers, servants

serve the varnas (upper classes

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sudras

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slaves

untouchables or outcasts

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pariahs

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write in order the caste system

BKVSPU

Breaking kites VS pink umbrellas

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1. Brahmin

2. Kshatriya

3. Vaishya

3. Sudra

4. Untouchable (pariahs)

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name for a god or goddess

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deity

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Aryan ociety change after they migrate to india by becoming ________ and __________

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farmers and craftsmen

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the language developed slowly and became the dominate language of ancient india

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sanskrit

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Aryan warriors - herders sang hymns and recited _________, long poems celebrating heroes and oral history

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epics

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Aryans divided people into classes by

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occupation

Front 50

were four books which form the basis of Hinduism

aka

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vedas

books of knowledge

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the oldest, contains 1,028 hymns to the gods

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rig veda

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hymns from the rig veda arranged for religious rituals

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sama veda

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priests' sacrificial chant

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yajur veda

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magic spells and incantations on a variety of subjects

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atharva veda

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are commentaries and explanations of vedas

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upanishads

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contains advice of the god Krishna on how the universe works, sort of a guide to enlightenment

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bhagavad - gita

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epic that tells the grand story of several generations of the same family of chieftains leading up to a climatic

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mahabharata

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tells the hero rama saved the world from the terrible demon ravana who was rampaging around everywhere

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ramayana

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two bodies of water influenced early indian civilization

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ganges and indus

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MAP

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MAP