Ancient Greece Set 5

Front 1

government in which a small
group of people holds power

Back 1

oligarchy

Front 2

government in which all citizens
share in running the government

Back 2

democracy

Front 3

person who was conquered and
enslaved by the ancient Spartans

Back 3

helot

Front 4

Persian religion founded by Zoroaster;
taught that humans had the freedom to
choose between right and wrong, and
that goodness will always win in the end

Back 4

Zoroastrianism

Front 5

system of government in which people
gather at mass meetings to decide on
government matters

Back 5

direct democracy

Front 6

system of government in which people
elect leaders to make laws for them

Back 6

representative democracy
(indirect democracy)

Front 7

thinker who seeks wisdom and
ponders questions about life

Back 7

philosopher

Front 8

Greek island southeast of mainland
in the southern Aegean Sea

Back 8

Crete

Front 9

Ancient city in Greece

Back 9

Mycenae

Front 10

Large peninsula in
southern Greece

Back 10

Peloponnesus

Front 11

Agamemnon

Back 11

the Mycenaean king in Greek mythology
who used trickery to win the Trojan War

Front 12

an ancient city-state; a city-state in early
Greece which developed into an emerging
democracy; boys were given a well-rounded
education that included academics, sports,
and music

Back 12

Athens

Front 13

a Greek "tyrant" who reformed society in Athens
by canceling debt slavery; he also changed the
government of Athens to allow all male citizens
to participate in the assembly and law courts

Back 13

Solon

Front 14

Greek tyrant who seized power in 560 B.C.;
he divided large estates among landless
farmers and gave jobs and money to the poor

Back 14

Peisistratus

Front 15

Greek leader who came to power in 508 B.C.
and is credited with making the government
of Athens a democracy

Back 15

Cleisthenes

Front 16

The Ancient empire that was
centered in modern-day Iran

Back 16

Persia

Front 17

plain located a short distance from Athens
where the Athenians defeated the Persians;
according to legend, an Athenian messenger
ran 26 miles from here to Athens to deliver
news of the Greek victory before he collapsed
and died

Back 17

Marathon

Front 18

Thermopylae

Back 18

a narrow mountain pass where the
Greeks valiantly fought but lost a battle
against the Persians

Front 19

Salamis

Back 19

the strait where the Greeks attacked
and destroyed almost the entire Persian
fleet in a ferocious battle

Front 20

Cyrus the Great

Back 20

ruler who united the Persians into a
powerful empire in the 6th century B.C.

Front 21

Darius I

Back 21

Persian king who came to the throne
in 521 B.C. and reorganized the Persian
government by dividing the empire into
20 states

Front 22

Xerxes

Back 22

Son of Darius, this Persian king took the
throne in 486 B.C. after the death of his father;
he invaded Greece but was eventually defeated

Front 23

Themistocles

Back 23

Athenian general who came up with a
plan for the Spartans and the Athenians
to win over the Persians; He built a navy
of triremes.

Front 24

Delos

Back 24

a Greek island in the Aegean Sea where
the Delian League had its headquarters

Front 25

Pericles

Back 25

great Athenian general and statesman who
guided Athens from 461 B.C. until 429 B.C.;
he expanded democracy by allowing lower
class male citizens to run for political office;
he supported artists, architects, and philosophers

Front 26

Aspasia

Back 26

well-educated woman who, though not a
native Athenian, moved freely about Athens
and taught public speaking; she helped
shape Athenian politics as an adviser to
Pericles; Plato was also influenced by her work

Front 27

Why did the Persian war start?

Back 27

Athens helped the Greek colonies in
Asia Minor to rebel against their Persian
rulers. King Darius decided that the
mainland Greeks had to be stopped
from interfering in the Persian Empire.

Front 28

What do you have to do to be a Greek citizen?

Back 28

male free land owner born there

Front 29

Daily Life in Athens (explain)

Back 29

A- largest city-state in Greece 285,000
B- Most families had at least 1 slave
C- Diet was simple, but healthy
D- Athens-- major trading center

Front 30

Pericles' Funeral Oration (describe)

Back 30

speech that focused on democracy
and gives Athenians courage and
cause to fight on.

Front 31

Why did Athens lose the
Peloponnesian War?

Back 31

severe plague killed 1/3 of population
of Athens; Sparta made an alliance
with Persia (strong navy)

Front 32

Men duties

Back 32

work excercise assembly meetings

Front 33

Women duties

Back 33

household chores no political rights

Front 34

What was the Delian League?

Back 34

Athens joined forces with other Greek
city-states to form an alliance against
the threat from Persia; later fought
against Sparta's alliance

Front 35

What is the Parthenon?

Back 35

Built under rule of Pericles; icon of
"classical" Greek architecture; over
200,000 tons of marble form a nearby
mountain, and spent over 15 years
to complete

Front 36

Main reason for the Peloponnesian War

Back 36

The Athenian Empire became rich and powerful
and the other city-states grew suspicious. Led
by Sparta they joined forces against Athens.

Front 37

peninsula

Back 37

body of land with
water on 3 sides

Front 38

colony

Back 38

settlement in a new territory that
keeps close ties with its homeland

Front 39

polis

Back 39

the early Greek city-state, made
up of a city and the surrounding
countryside and run like an
independent country

Front 40

agora

Back 40

in early Greek city-states, an open
area that served as both a market
and a meeting place

Front 41

tyrant

Back 41

person who takes power by force
and rules with total authority