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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Minoans
2200BC to 1450BC |
Named after the Greek Mythological King Minos, this is considered the first European civilization on the island of Crete. They developed an early Greek alphabet and were a hedonistic culture. It came to an end when the Myceneans invaded and several volcanic eruptions disrupted the civilization.
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Mycenaen Culture
1450 BC to 1200 BC |
Named after its main city of Mycenea, the Mycenaens were a very militarily based culture and one that valued commercial endeavors. Skilled artisans as well whose pottery and bronze work is exceptional. Dorian invasions brought the culture to an end.
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The Trojan War
1250 BC |
Romanticized in the Greek poet Homer’s book, The Iliad, it is a war that many believe actually took place around 1250 BC.
Helen of Troy, the queen of Sparta was kidnapped by Paris, King of Troy. Great efforts to free her resulted in the classic story of the huge wooden horse left at the gates, full of soldiers! |
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The Phoenician Culture
1200 BC to 1000 BC |
Great merchants and traders, the Phoenicians were the Canaanites of the Bible, originally from the desert regions. They had a vast network of ships and trade ports and were the best seafarers of the ancient world. Their most important contribution was the first known alphabet, which later became the base of our own 26 letter alphabet.
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Greek Mythology
900 BC |
Most of what we know today about Greek mythology was written down by Homer, a professional storyteller called a bard, who recited poems of the ancient stories. He wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey. There were gods and goddesses and they all suffered and enjoyed life in a vast network of tales and stories that helped to explain the world around them.
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The Olympic Games
776 BC |
Starting around 776 BC, the Olympics began as a sacred festival of athletic games, sacrifices and worship of the gods held at Olympia in Eleia. Even warring tribes would stop fighting to participate. This week long event brought all together and wreathes of olive branches would crown the winners.
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The Founding of Rome
753 BC |
According to legend, a pair of twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, were thrown into the river Tiber to drown as they were destined to reclaim the stolen kingdom of their father. However, a she-wolf found the babies and raised them. When they were grown men, they learned of the deed and battled over their birthright. Romulus killed Remus. Rome grew from the riverside of the Tiber, founded by the Etruscans.
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The Colonization of Greece
750 BC to 508 BC |
The Greeks needed elbow room and began to colonize nearby lands. Migration and trade followed. Ancient Greece was made up of many city states. Some of them established the form of government called demokratia. Our democracy is a form of this ancient government.
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The Republic of Rome
509 BC to 366 BC |
After overthrowing the Etruscan king, the Romans developed their own form of government called a republic. They divided the people into two classes; patricians and plebeians. The USA was formed as a republic and many of the founding principles are based on this Roman government.
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The Persian Wars
500 BC to 480 BC |
The Persians were slowly but surely conquering the Greek states and finally attacked the Ionian states and the people rebelled. Athenians and Spartans united against the foreign invaders. Eventually the Persian Empire failed and was conquered by Alexander the Great.
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The Peloponnesian War
461 BC to 404 BC |
After the Persian Wars, the Greeks entered a period of time called the Classic period. They were wealthy and developed their government and arts. However, Athens began to gain influence and Sparta felt threatened and eventually a civil war erupted over the chaos. It was fought mainly in the area of Peloponnesus in southern Greece.
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The Philosophers of Greece
450 BC to 322 BC |
The Greeks loved to ask ‘Why?’ and seek knowledge and answer questions of how the world works. Several men became legendary for their truth seeking. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are some of the most famous. They influenced life back then and their works still do today.
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Alexander the Great
356 BC to 323 BC |
Educated by Aristotle, the son of a Macedon king, Alexander, became king at 20. He was a military genius. He invaded Persia, then Asia Minor. Soon after Egypt fell and he defeated the Persians. He desired to rule the whole of the known world. In his short life, he accomplished what no man had ever done, and established the greatest empire known to that date.
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Architectural Advances of Rome
250 BC |
The Romans were quite remarkable in their building skills and understanding of architectural needs. They built roads that are still in use today as well as sewers, aqueducts and of course, great temples and the coliseum.
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The Rise of the Roman Empire
146 BC |
Through a series of power plays and battles, Rome positioned itself as the ruler of the world by destroying Corinth, Carthage and gaining control of Macedonia, Greece, much of North Africa and Asia Minor. Rome was soon recognized as the capital of the world. They had a superior army, advancements in technology and they were, undoubtedly, the rulers of the world.
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The Roman Emperors
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Many of the rulers brought order, strength and power to the Roman republic. Some were good, some were not. Famous ones such as Julius Caesar, Octavian and Nero, all have great tales about them, and they each contributed to the rise of the Roman Empire.
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Pax Romana 27 BC to 14 AD
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Under the rule of Caesar Augustus, the Roman people knew a time of peace known as the Pax Romana. It was this time that the republic began to change into an empire. Much of this time of peace was due to the rule of Caesar Augustus and his brilliance at designing the government that would rule the empire for hundreds of years to come.
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Birth, ministry and death of Christ
3 BC to 30 AD |
Few men in the world have brought about such change and good as did the man called Jesus, the Christ Savior. Born in Bethlehem when Caesar Augustus decreed a census to be taken, his life, ministry and ultimate death on the cross at Calvary, and His resurrection and ascension would challenge much of the Roman Empire and ultimately bring great change to the empire as well as the world.
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Roman Empire Declines
64 AD |
When Nero became emperor at age 16, Christianity was tolerated alongside the Roman gods. Yet more often, Christians were beginning to threaten the old ways of the empire and in 64 AD Nero began the widespread persecution and execution of Christians. A great fire ravaged the city in 64 AD, thought to be started by Nero, though he blamed the Christians.
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The Destruction of Pompeii
79 AD |
The little, wealthy summer town of Pompeii was quite suddenly overtaken and buried in the ash and lava from Mount Vesuvius on August 24, 79 AD. Over 2,000 people died instantly. Rediscovered in the 16th century, and by the 18th century, study and excavation began. We have learned a great deal about the Romans due to the well-preserved nature of this whole city.
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The Roman Empire Splits
286 AD |
The huge empire could no longer be ruled by one person. Communication was not capable, it was simply too large. The emperor Diocletian divided it into two parts, east and west. Maximian was to rule the west and served in the capital of Rome. Eventually civil war broke out and many men wished to rule. Constantine would become ruler, as he desired.
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The Western Roman Empire Ends
476 AD |
Constantly under attack by barbarians such as the Visigoths, Vandals and Huns, the Western Empire crumbled and the empire was broken into separate countries. There is no doubt the influence on this ages old empire that still exists today.
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Greek Drama, Music and the Arts
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During the height of Greek culture, drama, music and the arts were very important and developed to highly regarded art forms. The open-air theatre was visited by all, and music and other arts such as sculpture and architectural designs were the hallmark of the Greeks.
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Greek Education
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Wealthy families sent their sons to school. They learned the basics such as reading, writing and arithmetic. Separate schools taught music, philosophy and physical education. Girls were educated at home by their mothers in the running of a household.
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Greek Costume and Dress
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Simple and elegant, most Greek clothing was made of wool and flax. They wore tunics and cloaks and learned to dye and weave patterns into the edges of their cloth. Greeks went barefoot at home and wore sandals or boots when traveling.
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Ships of the Greeks
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Great powerful warships were called triremes. They had three sets of oars and were quite powerful and fast. Great eyes were painted on the bows to protect from evil. They did have sails, though the oars made them easy to maneuver during battle.
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The Acropolis
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The Acropolis was a sacred hill overlooking the city of Athens. It was the center of activity and great festivals, feasts and political meetings were held there. The largest temple of the Acropolis was the Parthenon, dedicated to goddess Athena.
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Greek Architecture
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The Greeks were great lovers of beauty and their architecture shows this. The types of support columns they used represented three major styles of building. Known as Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, these styles continue to be popular to this date in building styles.
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Roman Arts
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Glasswork, pottery and sculpture were important to the Romans as well as their spectator sports. They enjoyed physical competition and much of their arts reflect this. They enjoyed gladiators, wrestling and other strenuous activities.
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Roman Mythology
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Much of the Roman mythology was adapted from the Greek stories of their gods. Many of the Greek gods have a Roman counterpart. It is interesting to see the changes and adaptations of the mythology from the Greek to the Roman mythology.
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Roman Education
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Even in the earliest of times, Romans educated their children with tutors in the home. If their parents could pay, they continued education in formal schools. They learned at the feet of master teachers. Girls and boys both, learned in the Roman education system.
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Roman Clothing Styles
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Adapted from the tunics of the Greeks, the Romans adapted and refined their clothing into loose, straight garments covered by a long piece of fabric called a toga. Emperors wore purple togas, senators wore white togas edged in purple trim and citizen wore white. Many people wore tunics day to day to work in.
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The Senate and Forum
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The Senate was a group of men who were advisors to the Emperors. They were powerful enough to keep the emperor in check. Each town had a center, that they called the Forum. It was an open square surrounded by buildings and temples, where people came to vote, attend speeches and court and discuss political issues.
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Roman Military
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The Romans had a very specialized military and were highly trained. The average soldier helped to conquer new territory, keep the peace in provinces and had to stop rebellion where ever it was found. They were talented with shield and lance.
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The Coliseum
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This was the greatest amphitheater of the empire, situated in the city of Rome. Thousands of people could attend various functions there such as gladiator battles, wild animal acts and even religious events and recreations of great battles, even those at sea by flooding the floor! Unfortunately, many people met their death at this place, persecuted for their belief.
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