Ancient Greece

Front 1

The early Greeks are called ____________.

Back 1

Myceneans

Front 2

1100 - 800 BCE is referred to what?

Back 2

The Dark Age

Front 3

Greek culture began to emerge from its Dark Age and revive around:

Back 3

800 BCE

Front 4

definition of polis

Back 4

city-state
plural - poleis

Front 5

true/false: During the Archaic Period of Ancient Greece, the emergence of polis played a role in both unification and regionalism.

Back 5

True -
The polis was a force for unity on the local level, but loyalty to one's polis encouraged fierce regionalism that led to endemic warfare between neighboring poleis and prevented the unification of Greeks as a whole

Front 6

definition of hoplites

Back 6

citizen-soldiers who could afford spear and armor - these men were organized into massive units

Front 7

definition of phalanxes

Back 7

massive units of hoplites (citizen-soldiers) - these units could defy cavalry charges and became the decisive factor in winning battles; hopelites began to demand more political rights from the nobles who dominated the polis

Front 8

true/false: the term tyrant did not always carry a negative connotation

Back 8

true. tyrant originally referred to an individual who received absolute power to restore order to a polis - these men were usually nobles who sought to enhance their standing at the cost of rival aristocratic families by posing as the friends and guardians of the common people

Front 9

Sparta came to dominate the peninsula after fighting two wars against its neighbor, ________ (c. 735-715 BCE and 650-620 BCE).

Back 9

Messenia

Front 10

The Spartan response to war/conflicts that nearly destroyed Sparta was to:

Back 10

become a highly regimented; all male citizens became part of a standing army, and freedom of the individual were completely subordinated to the needs of the state

Front 11

What was the Lycurgan code?

Back 11

Implemented under legendary lawgiver Lycurgus. All males from 7 to 30 lived in barracks and recieved military training. Women recieved physical education and were hardened to a lifestyle without comforts in order to promote a militariastic mind-set.

Front 12

Definition of Spartiates, helots, and perioikoi

Back 12

Spartiates - citizens of Sparta
Helots - people the Spartans ruled

Spartiates and Helots not allowed to conduct business, so a third, marginalized class known as perioikoi provided merchant services (periokoi were not citizens)

Front 13

Definition of The Peloponnesian League

Back 13

Helots outnumbered Spartiates about 10 to 1; so ruling class spent most time and energy in vigilance against revolt. Almost all the city-states in the Peloponnesus joined this league for mutual defence under the leadership of Sparta, and in this way achieved a rudimentary level of unity that overcame to some extent the Greek tendency toward political fragmentation

Front 14

The only Mycenean center to survive the Dorian migrations:

Back 14

Athens

Front 15

phratries

Back 15

Clans and brotherhoods of Athens, controlled by wealthy aristocrats who belonged to a council known as the Areopagus, or "Hill of Ares" - elected 'archons' (magistrates) guided the administration of the Athenian polis

Front 16

Draco

Back 16

Athenian, temporarily granted tyrant-like status for the purpose of establishing a law code; Draco's law codes were very harsh

Front 17

significant of Draco's code of laws

Back 17

first step toward curbing the power of the nobility, since it bound all Athenians to its harsh prescriptions, regardless of social class

Front 18

Solon

Back 18

elected archon in 594 BCE; granted extrodinary power to deal with agrarian/farming crisis; instituted laws which canceled debts and restored freedom to citizens who had been forced into slavery [but it stopped short of redistributing the land]
greatest legacy - constitution of Athens

Front 19

boule

Back 19

Council established in Athens' constitution.
made up of 400 members

Front 20

ekklesia

Back 20

General Assemby established in Athens' consitution

Front 21

thetes

Back 21

lowest class established by Solon, those who owned little or no land; could not serve in public office, but had the right to participate in the general assembly and serve in the lower courts

Front 22

Peisistratus

Back 22

nobleman who seized power of Athens in the name of restoring order; strove to win popular support by funding public works and instituting new religious celevrations; enlarged agora

Front 23

Cleisthenes

Back 23

progressive democratic force in Athens, replaced phratries (brotherhoods) with demes (townships of the people); transformed the four traditional tribes of Athens; replaced the Council of 400 with a Council of 500; gave ultimate power to the Assembly

Front 24

Ostracism

Back 24

Athenians practiced ostracism, whereby an individual would be sent into exile for ten years if a vote decided that he was a potential threat to democracy. voting done by writing the name of the individual on a piece of broken pottery

Front 25

Persian Wars

Back 25

Describe the Persian Wars

Front 26

The Delian League

Back 26

naval alliance, founded in 478 BCE, between Athens and over 100 other poleis located along the shores of the Aegean islands

Front 27

Olympian goddess of the harvest

Back 27

Demeter

Front 28

Dionysos: goddess of ______.

Back 28

wine

Front 29

author of the Illiad and the Odyssey

Back 29

Homer

Front 30

arete

Back 30

virtue in the sense of "manliness" - trait emphasized in the work of Homer

Front 31

author of Works and Days and Theogany

Back 31

Hesiod

Front 32

Pionner of Greek Lyricist poetic form

Back 32

Archilocus

Front 33

Greek Lyricist who wrote odes of victory for athletic contests

Back 33

Pindar

Front 34

Greek Lesbian Lyricist / Love Poet

Back 34

Sappho of Lesbos

Front 35

Two categories of Greek drama

Back 35

tragedy / comedy

Front 36

Three greatest Greek tragedians

Back 36

Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus

Front 37

definition of the vice of hubris

Back 37

overweening pride

Front 38

definition of nemisis

Back 38

divine punishment

Front 39

Playwright of The Persians, Prometheus Bound and Oreseia [tragedy]

Back 39

Aeschylus

Front 40

Playwright of Oedipus and Antigone [tragedy]

Back 40

Sophocles

Front 41

Playwright of Medea [tragedy]

Back 41

Euripides

Front 42

Playwright of Lysistrata, The frogs, The Clouds, and The Archenians [comedy]

Back 42

Aristophanes

Front 43

Two greatest historians of Ancient Greece

Back 43

Herodotus and Thucydides

Front 44

Ionian Greek, "Father of History" wrote account of Persian Wars

Back 44

Herodotus

Front 45

Most prominent Greek historian, wrote account of the Peloponnesian War

Back 45

Thucydides

Front 46

Wrote famous political speech - funeral oration of Pericles , given in 430 BCE to honor the Athenian soldiers who had died in the first season of campaigning

Back 46

Thucydides

Front 47

The term Philosophy was coined by _________ and means "_____ __ ________"

Back 47

Pythagoras

Front 48

Itinerant teachers, or wise men, who for a price promised to make their pupils well-informed and skillful public speakers, and thereby successful politicians

Back 48

Sophists

Front 49

True False - Socrates was a Sophist.

Back 49

No - Socrates is often mistaken for a Sophist, but he differs in several ways. He did not charge tuition and he considered himself less a teacher and one who meerly helped other learn the truth for themselves

Front 50

We are dependent on the works of Socrates' student, _____ in order to learn about Sophocles, since he did not write books.

Back 50

Plato

Front 51

Plato's work that preserves Socrates' legacy.

Back 51

Dialogues