Ancient Greece

Front 1

the long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero

Back 1

epic poem

Front 2

when a hero strives for excellence, it is won - in a struggle or contest

Back 2

arete

Front 3

people of the civilization named after the legendary king of Crete

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minoans

Front 4

mainland Greeks, part of the Indo-European family of peoples who spread into southern and western Europe, india, and Iran

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Mycenaeans

Front 5

the poet, who wrote Illiad and Odyssey

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Homer

Front 6

the Greek city state

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polis

Front 7

served as a place for refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built

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acropolis

Front 8

an open area that serves as a place where people could assemble and as a market

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agora

Front 9

heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot soldiers

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hoplites

Front 10

military rectangular formation

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phalanx

Front 11

ruled by few

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oligarchy

Front 12

the people captured by Spartans

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helots

Front 13

a group of five men elected each year and were responsible for the education of the youth and the conduct of all citizens

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ephors

Front 14

the Greek philosopher that argued that a citizen did not belong to just himself or herself

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Aristotle

Front 15

a reforminded aristocrat, who canceled all land debt and freed slaves(debt slaves)

Back 15

Solon

Front 16

reformer, who created a new council of 500

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Cleisthenes

Front 17

the period of Athenian and Greek history, which they saw the height of Athenian power and brilliance

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Age of Pericles

Front 18

government where the people directly participate in government decision making through mass meetings

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direct democracy

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practice of banning a harmful person from the city for 10 years

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ostracism

Front 20

Persian ruler, who sought revenge

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Darius

Front 21

became new Persian monarch after death of Darius, invaded Greece

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Xerxes

Front 22

Athenians formed this defensive alliance against the Persians

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Delian League

Front 23

dominant figure in Athenian politics, he expanded its new empire abroad

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Pericles

Front 24

War between Athens and Sparta

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Great Peloponnesian War

Front 25

ceremonies or rites

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rituals

Front 26

a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future through a priest or priestess

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oracle

Front 27

first Greek dramas

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tragedies

Front 28

an organized system of thought

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philosophy

Front 29

teaching that uses a question and answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason

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Socratic method

Front 30

author of the trilogy Oresteia

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Aeschylus

Front 31

author of the play Oedipus Rex

Back 31

Sophocles

Front 32

philosopher, who taught that essence of the universe could be found in music and numbers

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Pythagoras

Front 33

a sculpture whose true love was philosophy

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Socrates

Front 34

considered greatest philosopher of Western civilization

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Plato

Front 35

student of Plato

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Aristotle

Front 36

the greatest historian of the ancient world, who was an Athenian general, who fought in Great Pelopenisian War

Back 36

Thucydides

Front 37

"to imitate Greeks", an age that saw the expansion of the Greek language and ideas to the non-Greek world of SW Asia and beyond

Back 37

Hellenistic Era

Front 38

philosophy, whose goals was happiness, which could be reached by freeing oneself from public activity

Back 38

Epicureanism

Front 39

the most popular philosophy of the Hellenistic world, in which goal was happiness, which could be reached only when people gained inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God

Back 39

Stoicism

Front 40

ruler of Macedonia, who turned Macedonia into chief power in Greece and longed to unite all of Greece under Macedonia

Back 40

Philip II

Front 41

son of Philip II, who conquered lands, and expanded Greece

Back 41

Alexander the Great

Front 42

astronomer, who determined the Earth was round and the circumference

Back 42

Eratosthenes

Front 43

most famous scientist of the Hellenistic period, who worked with geometry spheres and cylinders and established value of pi

Back 43

Archimedes

Front 44

wrote Elements

Back 44

Euclid

Front 45

author of the play Oedipus Rex

Back 45

Sophocles

Front 46

philosopher, who taught that essence of the universe could be found in music and numbers

Back 46

Pythagoras

Front 47

a sculpture whose true love was philosophy

Back 47

Socrates

Front 48

considered greatest philosopher of Western civilization

Back 48

Plato

Front 49

student of Plato

Back 49

Aristotle

Front 50

the greatest historian of the ancient world, who was an Athenian general, who fought in Great Pelopenisian War

Back 50

Thucydides

Front 51

"to imitate Greeks", an age that saw the expansion of the Greek language and ideas to the non-Greek world of SW Asia and beyond

Back 51

Hellenistic Era

Front 52

philosophy, whose goals was happiness, which could be reached by freeing oneself from public activity

Back 52

Epicureanism

Front 53

the most popular philosophy of the Hellenistic world, in which goal was happiness, which could be reached only when people gained inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God

Back 53

Stoicism

Front 54

ruler of Macedonia, who turned Macedonia into chief power in Greece and longed to unite all of Greece under Macedonia

Back 54

Philip II

Front 55

son of Philip II, who conquered lands, and expanded Greece

Back 55

Alexander the Great

Front 56

astronomer, who determined the Earth was round and the circumference

Back 56

Eratosthenes

Front 57

most famous scientist of the Hellenistic period, who worked with geometry spheres and cylinders and established value of pi

Back 57

Archimedes

Front 58

wrote Elements

Back 58

Euclid

Front 59

Some Greek city-states committed to government by the many, called ________, while others ruled by _______, which mans rule by the few

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democracy
oligarchy

Front 60

the upper fortified part of a city , the _______, was a place refuge during an attack

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acropolis

Front 61

_____ were a heavily armed military order of infantrymen or foot soldiers

Back 61

hoplites

Front 62

Marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation was known as ______.

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phalanx

Front 63

According to Greek philosophy of ______, humans are free to follow self-interest as a basic motivating force.

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stoicism

Front 64

in order to know the will of gods, the Greeks consulted an _, a sacred shrine dedicated to a god or goddess

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oracle

Front 65

Greek citizens assembled in an open area called an _____ that also serves as a market

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agora

Front 66

The ___ of teaching uses a question answer format to lead pupils to understand ideas for themselves

Back 66

Socratic method

Front 67

What was the basic textbook for the education of the Greek males?

Back 67

Illiad

Front 68

what were the rights and responsibilities of Athenian citizens

Back 68

political power
namely, military service, and funding of festivals

Front 69

What types of goods were exchanged between the Greek city-states and their colonies?

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the mainland Greeks - wine, pottery, and olive oil
Black Sea - fish, timber, wheat , metals, and slaves
west - grains and metals

Front 70

Why was Sparta a military state?

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to ensure control of the conquered helots, the Spartans made a decision to create a military state

Front 71

what is significant about the Age of Pericles?

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Athens saw its height in power and brilliance, democracy

Front 72

How were Greek women kept under strict control?

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could not own property
had male guardians
married at age 14 or 15

Front 73

How did Philip II prepare Alexander for kingship?

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Philip had prepared Alexander by taking him along with him on military campaigns, where he was taught basic military leadership

Front 74

What is the meaning of the term Hellenistic?

Back 74

"to imitate Greeks"

Front 75

Who were the philosophers of classical Greece?

Back 75

Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato

Front 76

Wat contributions did Pythagoras, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes make to science?

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Era - round Earth and circumference
Archimedes - geometry of spheres and cylinders, and value of pi
Pythagoras - Pythagorean theorem

Front 77

The _______ and ______ played significant roles in the Greek history.

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mountains and sea

Front 78

How did the mountains effect Greece?

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isolated Greeks from one another, different Greek communities developed

Front 79

________ - archealogist who first discovered the Minoan civilization

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Arthur Evans

Front 80

________ German archealogist who first discovered Mycenae.

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Hainrich Schliemann

Front 81

_________ tombs built into hillsides, where Mycenanean members of the royal families were buried

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tholos

Front 82

the most famous of all their supposed military adventures has come down to us in the poetry of ____.

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Homer

Front 83

What was the purpose of the name "dark age" given to a period in Greek History?

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few reords of what happen exist

Front 84

________ colonized the large island of Lesbos and the territory near the mainland.

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Aeolian Greeks

Front 85

____ replaced bronze during the Dark Ages

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iron

Front 86

What was the name of the alphabet adopted by the Greeks?

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Phoenician

Front 87

______ and _____ were the first great epic poems of early Greece.

Back 87

Illiad and Odyssey

Front 88

Who was the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey?

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Homer

Front 89

What were two important factors in the decision for people to move into Greek colonies?

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desire for good farmland

growth of trade

Front 90

Colonization led to increased _____ and ______.

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trade and industry

Front 91

________ - rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats.

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tyrants

Front 92

the rule of tyrants had ended the rule of the _______ in many city-states.

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aristocrats

Front 93

Who did the Spartans conquer, who later became helots?

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the Laconians

Front 94

The Spartan gov't was a _____ headed by two kings.

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oligarchy

Front 95

The ruling Athenian aristocrats reacted to the verge of civil war by giving all power to _____.

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Solon

Front 96

_________ seized power after Solon

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Pisistratus

Front 97

the outnumbered Athenian army attacked and defeated the Persians on the plain of _____.

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Marathon

Front 98

What was the significance of Pericles' rule?

Back 98

~he expanded the involvement of Athenians in their democracy.

~he enabled all male citizens a role

Front 99

In Athens the _______ passed all laws, elected public officials, and made final decisions on war and foreign policy.

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assembly

Front 100

IN Athens tend officials known as ________ were the overall directors of policy.

Back 100

generals

Front 101

what was the Athenian plan during the Great Peloponnesian War?

Back 101

stay behind protective walls and receive supplies from their colonies

Front 102

What Greek states struggled after Peloponnesian War?

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Sparta, Athens, and Thebes

Front 103

The Athenian economy was largely based on ___ and ___.

Back 103

farming and trade

Front 104

Athens had to import from 50 to 80 percent of its ______. They exported ____ and ____.

Back 104

grains

wine and olive oil

Front 105

Who were the twelve gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus?

Back 105

Aphrodite,Apollo,
Ares, Artemis,
Athena, Demeter,
Hephaestus, Hera,
Hermes, Hestia,
Poseidon, Zeus

Front 106

When were the first Olympics held?

Back 106

776 B.C.

Front 107

What was the most famous oracle?

Back 107

Apollo at Delphi

Front 108

_____ - composed the trilogy Oresteia

Back 108

Aeschylus

Front 109

________ - wrote the play Oedipus Rex

Back 109

Sophocles

Front 110

the _______ were a group of traveling teachers in ancient Greece who rejected speculation.

Back 110

Sophists

Front 111

______ believed in higher Forms

Back 111

Plato

Front 112

What book did Plato write?

Back 112

The Republic

Front 113

What were the three types of government Aristotle favored?

Back 113

monarchies,
aristocracy,
constitutional government

Front 114

The ______ was dedicated to the goddess Athena.

Back 114

Parthenon

Front 115

How do classical art complement Socrates' philosophical belief?

Back 115

Classical Greek art emphasizes on the beauty of human beings which complements Socrates idea that humans have the rational power to direct their own affairs.

Front 116

What were the 4 themes of Greek plays?

Back 116

1.nature of good and evil
2.rights of individuals
3.role of gods in life
4.nature in human beings

Front 117

what is Socrates most famous quote?

Back 117

"the unexamined life is not worth living"

Front 118

What was the main reason for the Peloponnesian War?

Back 118

Spartans feared the growth and prosperity of Athens