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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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David |
-made Jerusalem the capital of Israel
- United Judah and Israel
-defeated Goliath
-defeated the Philistines |
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Moses |
-freed the Hebrews from slavery in Egypt
- received the 10 Commandments on Mt. Sanai
-led the Hebrews back to the holy land |
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Abraham |
-Father of the Hebrews
-made 2 covenants with god
-promised the people would worship only god and they would be His protected chose people
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Solomon |
-built the first temple of Jerusalem to house the Ark of the Covenant |
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Saul |
-became the first King of Israel
-defeated most of Israel's enemies
-died in battle against the Philistines |
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Diaspora |
-scattering of a group of people (Jews) throughout the world during which they kept culture alive |
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Exodus, Ramsses II |
-Freeing of the Hebrews from slavery in Egypt
-Moses used the Ten Plagues
-Ramsses II was the pharoah at the time |
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Mt. Sinai |
Where Moses recieved the ten commandments
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Covenant |
-a promise; between God and the Jews to become monotheistic and the chosen people |
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Montheism |
belief in one god; Judaism was the first religion to believe in one god. |
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Trade |
Phoenicias sailed around the Mediteranean for trade and became extremely rich
Phoenicians wer the most powerful traders of their time
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Snails/purple dye |
Phoenicia used the purple dye from snails to make purple cloth, which they traded for lots of money
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Alphabet |
-invented by the phonecians to help track trade
-it had 22 letters and no vowels
-much easier to use
-used for trade
-spread throughout the Mediterranean |
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wood/cedar |
-hard wood
-extremely valuable phoenecian resource for export
-hard to find |
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Trade cities |
-all over the Mediteranean
-set up colonies
-included Carthage, Tyre and Syracuse |
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Hatshepsut |
-first female pharoah of Egypt
-was declared regent for her son but demanded to be pharaoh instead
-increased trade to Punt |
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Djoser
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Had his vizier create the first pyramid ( step Pyramid)
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Khufu |
Had the Great Pyramid of Giza built |
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Sneferu |
Built the Collapsed, Bent and Red Pyramids |
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RamssesII/Ramsses the great |
-Most powerful Egyptian pharaoh
-lost the Hebrew slaves to Moses |
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Menes/ Narmer |
United upper and lower Egypt for the first time |
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Hieroglyphics |
-Egyptian form of writing that was invented to track trade
-pictographs that represented words/ideas and later sounds
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Rosetta Stone |
- a large stone that had hieroglyphs, demotic and greek
-Jean Francois Champollion was a French scholar who used the stone to translate the meaning of hieroglyphs
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Amon-Re |
god of the sun and creation |
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Anubis |
god of the dead and embalming |
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Thoth |
god of writing and wisdom |
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Horus |
sky god
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Osiris |
god of the living and the dead
ruler of the underworld |
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Seth |
god of chaos |
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deserts of Egypt |
Sahara, Western
provided protection from invasions |
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Nile river |
-flooded to provide silt for farming
-flowed north and winds blew south
-longest river in the world
-essential for Egypts survival
-used for farming, daily needs and travel/trade |
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Red soil |
desert, couldn't grow anything |
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Black soil |
-rich soil that was dark and good for growing
-left over after the flooding of the Nile |
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Niles effect on daily life |
the peasant's lives depended on the flood season (planting, harvesting, building projects)
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Sphinx |
built during the old kingdom of Khafre |
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Great pyramid |
-largest pyramid
-built by Khufu in Giza during the Old Kingdom |
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4 levels of basic social structure |
-lower class was the largest and included peasants
-farmers
-pharaoh was at the top
- slaves were separate |
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Nubia |
-trade partner with Eygypt and constantly fought wars
-Egypt traded with Nubia to get ore and copper (used for weapons)
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Major cities of Nubia |
Napata
Meroe
Kerma |
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Basic afterlife beliefs |
- Egyptians believed the soul traveled down the river of death and met Osiris, who judged the heart.
-burial process included a need to mummify the dead because they believed the soul needed to recognize the preserved body in order to return to it and receive offerings and material possessions which they brought from this world into the afterlife. |
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Describe the Old Kingdom |
- the pyramids and Sphinx were built (pyramid age)
-Khufu built the Great Pyramid of Giza
-Prior to the Old Kingdom, Menes unified the Kingdom which began the great civilization that lasted thousands of years
-developed social structure, government, and religion to set the stage for the rest of the civilizations
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Describe the New Kingdom |
- first female pharaoh ( Hatshepsut)
-greatest Pharaoh: Ramesses the great (Ramesses II)
-defeated the last Egyptian army (Hittites) and enlarged the empire.
-Empire was the largest of all kingdoms
-Ahmose of Thebes defeated the Hyksos and reunited Egypt to begin the New Kingdom |
