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158 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Greece is collection of what landforms?
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Greece is a collection of lands, islands, and peninsulas.
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In what sea is Greece located?
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It is in the Mediterranean Sea.
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What is Greece's most predominant landform?
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Greece's most predominant landform is mountains.
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What two key things were difficult on land?
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Transportation and communication was difficult on land.
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No Greeks lived far away from what?
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No Greeks lived far away from teh sea.
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Where were the Greek communities?
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The Greek communities were in valleys and along the coast.
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What type of communities were the settlements?
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The settlements were in isolated, independent communities.
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Why was a central government not possible?
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A central government was not possible because of the rough terrain.
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Due to the coast, what were two predominant jobs of the Greeks?
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The Greeks were seafarers and traders.
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Why was agriculture difficult?
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Agrigulture was difficult because they did not have much good land.
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What were the three main crops?
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The three main crops were grains, grapes, and olives.
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What was the diet like?
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The diet was light and simple.
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What was the climate like in the summer?
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The summer climate was hot and dry.
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What was the climate like in the winter?
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The winter climate was mild and wet.
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What kind of activities did the climate permit?
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The climate permitted lots of outside activities.
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What is the agora?
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The agora is the market place.
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Where did the men meet?
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Men met in the agora, the gymnasium, political meetings, religious festivals, and civic duties.
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What did the men meeting contribute to?
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The meetings contributed to democracy.
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Is it true that most people knew each other?
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Yes, most people knew each other.
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Participating in the political life was considered what?
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It was considered an duty and a virtue.
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When was the Minoan civilization?
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The Minoan civilization was between 2000-1400 B.C.
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Where was the Minoan civilization?
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It was on the island of Crete.
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What did the Minoans do?
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They were seafarers and traders.
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What did they think about being attacked?
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Minoans thought their island protected them from attacks.
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How do Minoans show that life was pleasant?
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They show their pleasant life through wall paintings.
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Were women equal?
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Yes, they are shown doing the same things as men.
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Where is their most famous palace?
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Their most famous palace is at Knossos.
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What shows that they were advancing in technology?
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They had plumbing and pipes for water, bathtubs, and flush toilets.
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What natural cause theories are there about the end of the Minoans?
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They think that there could have been a volcano disaster, an earthquake, or tidal waves.
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What other theory is there about the end of Minoans?
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Invaders could also have led to the end of Minoans.
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When was the Mycenaean civilization?
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The Mycenaean civilization was between 2000 and 1200 B.C.
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Where was the Mycenaen civilization?
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The Mycenaean civilization was on mainland of Greece.
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What was the major Mycenaean city?
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The major city was Mycenae.
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Was the city of Mycenae protected?
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Yes, it was a heavily fortified city.
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What was the major occupation of the Mycenaean kings?
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Their major occupation was to wage war on one another.
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What was the Mycenaean civilization made up of?
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It was made up of a bunch of small kingdoms.
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What was the lifestyle of a Mycenaean king and noble?
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Their lifestyle was one of luxuy which included beautiful palaces and gold untensils.
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What was the grand thing in a Mycenaean palace?
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The great thing was a grand hall with a circular hearth.
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What is the grand hall with a circular hearth called?
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Megaron
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What were the nobles buried with?
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Their treasures
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Where did the the king's wealth come from?
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Raids, piracy, and some trade
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What is the most famous war?
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Trojan War
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What is the historical reason for the Trojan War?
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Trade rivalries
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When were Greece's Dark Ages?
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1200-750 B.C.
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When were the Mycenaeans destroyed?
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1200 B.C.
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Who do historians think destroyed the Mycenaeans?
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The People of the Sea
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Who moved into Greece after the Micenaeans?
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The Dorians
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What was the Dorians "civilized" life like compared the Mycenaeans?
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The Dorians were less civilized
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Did the Dorians have a form of writing?
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No
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What were story tellers called?
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Bards
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What was the job of the bards?
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To tell long stories
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What were the long stories that the bards told called?
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Epics
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Who is the most famous bard?
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Homer
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We did Homer live?
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Sometime between 900-750 B.C.
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What are his two most famous epics?
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The Iliad and the Odyssey
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What is the Iliad about?
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It is the story of the Trojan War, especially heroic deeds of individuals
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What is the Odyssey about?
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It tells about Odysseus adventures on his trip home from the war
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What do Homer's heroes eximplify?
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Arete
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What is arete?
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Striving for excellence, showing courage, and winning fame and honor
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When were the first Olympics?
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776 B.C.
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When were the Olympics held?
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Once every four years
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None of what went on during the Olympics?
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Fighting
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What are some examples of games?
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Discus, wrestling, broad jumping, races, chariot races, and boxing
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What was the most respected event?
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The Pentathalon
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What was the prize for winning the pentathalon/Olympics?
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A wreath of olive leaves
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How many major Greek gods were there?
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12
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Where did the Greek gods live?
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Mount Olympus
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What are the gods' three main characteristics?
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Immortal, powerful, and behaved like humans
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What are myths?
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They are stories told about the gods that helped to explain nature and human passions.
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What was the role like of the priest?
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They were not powerful, it was not a lifelong career, it was just one of the civic duties.
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What is a polis?
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A city-state which includes the city and its surrounding areas
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Greece was not a country, but what?
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A collection of independent states
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What was the largest city-state?
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Sparta
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What were four aspects of polis that were essential to a Greek's life?
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Residence, social life, religious life, and political life
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What was an acropolis?
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An acropolis was a fortified hill with meeting places, government buildings, and temples
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What did you have to be in order to be a citizen?
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A free man
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Who could not be citizens?
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Women, children, slaves, or foreigners
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What was the time period when Mycenaean kings lost their power?
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The Dark Ages
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What kind of rule followed the Mycenaean kings?
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An aristocracy
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What is an aristocracy?
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A rule by small groups of nobles
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What did the nobles do to make them disliked?
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They became selfish, taking land from poor farmers and pushing them into debt and and slavery
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What did the ordinary people feel towards their rulers?
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Dissatisfaction
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What made the common people so dangerous?
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They had iron weapons
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What were hoplites?
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They were soldiers that were supposed to arm themselves and be ready to fight
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What kind of battle formation did the Greeks fight in?
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Phalanx
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Who led ordinary people in their fight against the nobles?
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Tyrants
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After helping the common people overthrow the aristocrats, what did they do?
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They took land away from the nobles and gave it to the poor, and they built harbors and temples
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What happened to the tyrants overtime?
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They became selfish and the Greeks wanted to overthrow them
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What kind of state did Sparta develop?
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An army state
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Where was Sparta?
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On the Peloponnesian Peninsula
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Who did Sparta enslave?
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The native Messonians on the Peninsula
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What did Sparta call their slaves?
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Helots
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What did the Helots do that scared the Spartans?
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They revolted and almost beat the Spartans
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What did Spartans organize their lives around?
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Building a strong army
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What happened to Spartan boys at age seven?
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He would move to the military barracks
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What were the military barracks like?
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Not enough food, thin clothes, hard beds, and many beatings
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What happened at age twenty?
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The could get married, in fact they had to get married
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Why did Spartan men have to get married?
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To produce children for the Spartan army
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Where did the Spartan men live at age twenty?
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Barracks
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What happened at age 30 to the men?
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They could move out of the barracks, and vote, but they were still in the military
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What happened at age 60 to the men?
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They were finally out of the military
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What did girls do in order to have strong babies?
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Strenuous gymnastics
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Did women have many rights in Sparta?
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Although they were not citizens, they had more rights than the women of Athens
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Who ran the household?
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Women
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Were women allowed to be seen in public?
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Yes
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Athens made reforms that led to what?
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Democracy
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Who led the first reform and when did he lead it?
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Solon in 594 B.C.
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What were the three parts of Solon's economic reform?
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1) Cancelled debts and freed people enslaved for debts
2) Encouraged growing olives and grapes for trade 3) Asked father to teach their sons a trade |
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What were the two aspects of Solon's political reforms?
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1) Allowed each student to attend assembly in which all important issues were discussed and voted on
2) Any citizen could charge another with a crime |
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Who is Athens' second reformer?
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Cleisthenes
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What two changes did he make to Athens?
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1) Gave assembly more power
2) Created the Council of 500 |
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What was the Council of 500?
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It proposed laws and advised the assembly
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How were people chosen to be on the Council of 500?
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By lot
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What were the two aspects of Solon's political reforms?
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1) Allowed each student to attend assembly in which all important issues were discussed and voted on
2) Any citizen could charge another with a crime |
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Who is Athens' second reformer?
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Cleisthenes
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What two changes did he make to Athens?
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1) Gave assembly more power
2) Created the Council of 500 |
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What was the Council of 500?
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It proposed laws and advised the assembly
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How were people chosen to be on the Council of 500?
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By lot
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What were the two aspects of Solon's political reforms?
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1) Allowed each student to attend assembly in which all important issues were discussed and voted on
2) Any citizen could charge another with a crime |
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Who is Athens' second reformer?
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Cleisthenes
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What two changes did he make to Athens?
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1) Gave assembly more power
2) Created the Council of 500 |
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What was the Council of 500?
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It proposed laws and advised the assembly
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How were people chosen to be on the Council of 500?
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By lot
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Who conquered the Greek colonies of the coast of Asia Minor?
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The Persians
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What did the angry colonists do?
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They rebelled against the Persians and Athens helped them, the Persians won
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What did Persian King Darius do after the rebellion?
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He swore revenge on the Greeks, especially the Athenians
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When was the First Persian War?
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490 B.C.
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What did do that started the first Persian War?
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He assembled a big army and marched into Greece
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Where did the Persians first meet the Greeks?
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On a plain called Marathon
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Who won the battle at Marathon?
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The Greeks with superior fighting techniques
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How did the Greeks notify the Athenians of the victory at Marathon?
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They sent a runner that ran all 26 miles to Athens
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When was the second Persian War?
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480 B.C.
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Who was the king that assembled a huge army and navy a marched into Greece for the second Persian War?
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King Xerxes
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What was the disadvantage of the Greeks in the second Persian War?
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They were outnumbered and divided
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Where did the Persians meet their first resistance?
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Thermopylae
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Who met the Persians at Thermopylae?
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Thousands of Greek soldiers and 300 Spartans
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How did the battle at Thermopylae go?
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The Greeks inflicted terrible losses on the Persians
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What happened to change the battle at Thermopylae?
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A Greek traitor told the Persians about a way around the pass
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When the traitor became known what did the Spartans do?
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The Spartans sent the other Greeks ahead and defended the pass until all Spartans were dead
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What did Spartan heroism do for Athens?
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It encouraged Athenian bravery
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What did the Persians do after they defeated the Spartans at the pass?
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They advanced towards Athens
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Who is Themosticles?
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He was the person that divised the plan to save the Athenians
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What did Themosticles say to do to the city?
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Evacuate the city and leave it to the Persians
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What did Athens do with all able-bodied men?
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They put them on ships to fight at sea
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What was the key difference between Athenian ships and Persian ships?
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Athenian ships were small and mobile, while the Persian ships were big and clumsy
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What did the Athenians do with their ships to the ships of the Persians to win the battle at sea?
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Athenian ships out rowed the Persian ships punching holes them and sinking them
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Where was the battle at sea?
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In the bay of Salamis
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What knowledge also helped the Athenians?
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The knowledge of the seas
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Who won the battle at sea?
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The Greeks
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What did Xerxes do after the loss at sea?
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He fled leaving behind part of his army
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Where did the Spartans later defeat the rest of the Persian army?
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Plataea
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What did the Athenians claim after the war?
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They claimed major credit for defeating the Persians
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What did the Athenians establish after the war?
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The Delian League
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What is the Delian League?
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A league of city-states
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Why was the Delian League created?
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To defend against future Persian attacks
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How did the Athenians get people to join the League?
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They used their navy to force other states to join the League
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What did Athens do with the money they got from the states in the League?
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They used the money to rebuild their city (and fund the navy)
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What did this do about the way other states felt about Athens?
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It made them dislike Athens
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