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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who used gravity and inertia to explain how the planets orbit the sun and created the first reflecting telescope?
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Isaac Newton
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Who used the first telescope, discovered 4 moons on Jupiter and made drawings of craters and mountains of Earth's moon?
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Galileo
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Who came up with the theory that the earth was the center of the solar system?
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Ptolemy
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Who came up with the theory that the sun was the center of the solar system?
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Copernicus
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Who drew the most accurate star catalog ever made without a telescope?
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Tycho Brahe
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Who showed that the planets' orbits are elliptical, not perfect circles?
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Johannes Kepler
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What are the outer planets?
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Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, Uranus
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What are the inner planets?
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Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth
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What does jovian mean?
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Planets that are all mostly gas, with relatively small solid or liquid centers.
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What does terrestrial mean?
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Having a rocky mantle or crust
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What is rotation?
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One turn around a planet's axis is equal to one day
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What is revolution?
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One complete orbit of a planet around the sun
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What is retrograde?
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Having a backwards rotation
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What is geocentric?
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The Earth is in the center and everything revolves around it.
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What is heliocentric?
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The Sun is in the center and everything revolves around it.
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What planet has a retrograde rotation?
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Venus
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Why is Earth unique among other planets?
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It has water.
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What is inertia?
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Inertia is the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.
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What is gravity?
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Gravity is the attractive force between two objects.
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What is an ellipse and why is it important to our solar system?
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An ellipse is an oval shape, which is the shape of the planets' orbits.
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What are asteroids?
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Asteroids are objects revolving around the sun that are too small and too numerous to be considered planets.
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Where are most asteroids found?
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Asteroids are mostly found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
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What is a comet?
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A comet is a ball of ice and dust whose orbit is usually a long, narrow ellipse.
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What is a meteoroid?
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A meteoroid is a chunk of rock or dust in space.
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What is a meteor?
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A meteor is a streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in the Earth's atmosphere.
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What is NEAT?
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Near Earth Asteroid Tracking.
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What is a meteorite?
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A meteorite is a meteoroid that has hit Earth's surface.
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What is a "shooting star?"
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A shooting star is a meteor.
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What is a crater?
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A crater is a round pit on the moon's surface. They are formed by meteoroids hitting the Earth or moon.
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What is nuclear fusion?
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The combining of 4 Hydrogen atoms combine to make Helium.
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What is a sunspot?
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Dark, cooler regions on the surface of the sun.
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What is a prominence?
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A loop of gas that protrudes from the sun's surface going from one sun spot to another.
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What is a solar flare?
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An explosion of hydrogen gas from the sun's surface that occurs when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect.
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What is a solar wind?
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A stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun's corona.
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What do you see when you look at a photograph of the sun?
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photosphere
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What are the two main gases on teh sun?
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hydrogen and helium
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What is the core of the sun?
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It is the inner most part of the sun, and is the hottest part of the sun.
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What is the radiation zone of the sun?
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It is the layer of the sun next to the core. It transfers energy.
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What is the convection zone of the sun?
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This is where thermal convection happens and takes heat fromt eh top of the radiation zone towards the surface of the sun.
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What is the photosphere on the sun?
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Visiable surface of the sun; it is the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere.
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What is the chromosphere on the sun?
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A thin layer above the visible surface; it is the middle layer of the sun's atmosphere.
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