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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classes of seizures |
partial (focal, local) generalized status |
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Simple partial sz |
Partial common with cerebral lesions no loss of consciousness short motor symptoms start in one part and spread paresthesias flashing lights vocalizations hallucinations |
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Complex partial seizure |
Partial Simple partial seizure followed by impaired level of consciousness May have aura, staring, automatisms |
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Partial sezures |
Simple partial (no LOC) Complex partial (altered LOC) |
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Generalized seizures |
Absence Tonic-clonic |
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Absence |
Generalized Sudden arrest of motor activity with blank stare The whole body |
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Tonic-clonic sz |
Generalized Aura tonic contractions (repetitive involuntary contractions of muscle) loss of consciousness clonic contractions (sustained) incontinence postictal period |
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Status epilepticus |
series of tonic-clonic sezures lasting >10 min may occur when awake or asleep doesn't regain consciousness between seizures |
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Most important test in determining seizure classification |
EEG |
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CT head |
indicated for new onset seizures |
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Meds for acute seizures |
benzos: diazepam lorazepam phenytoin phosphyenytoin (pro drug of dilantin) phenobarb barbitruates |
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Sz maintenance |
carbamazepine phenytoin phenobarb valproic primodone clonazepam never discontinue abruptly, always taper |
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Parkinson's disease patho |
insufficient dopamine |
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Parkinson's main symptoms |
tremmor - slow, most conspicuous at rest, inhanced by stress rigidity bradykinesia - slow |
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Other parkinson's symptoms |
wooden facies imparied swallowing drooling decreased blinking Myerson's sign |
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Myerson's sign |
Parkinson's disease repetitive tapping over the bridge of the nose produces a sustained blink response |
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Meds for PD |
dopamine anticholinergics |
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Dopamine meds for PD |
Manage Bradykinesia carbi-Levo amantadine pramipexole ropinorole |
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Anticholinergics in PD |
allevieate tremmor and rigidity Benztropine (cogentin) Trihexyphenidyl (artane) |
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myesthenia gravis patho |
reduction of the number of acetylcholine receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction |
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Myesthenia gravis ss |
weakness typically worse after exercise, better after rest Ptosis diplopia dysarthria dysphagia extremity weakness fatigue respiratory difficulty eyes+ other stuff |
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Ptosis |
droopy eyelid |
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Sensory and DTR in myesthenia |
NORMAL |
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Myesthenia gravis labs |
antibodies to ACh receptors (AChR-ab) Edrophonium test (to differentiate a myasthenic v cholinergic crisis) |
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Myesthenia management |
Anticholinesteras drugs pyridostigmine bromide immunosuppressives plasmapheresis vent support during crisis |
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Multiple sclerosis |
Autoimmune Weakness numbness (sensory!) loss of coordination vision speech bladder Motor + sensory |
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MS patho |
immune system attacks myelin |
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MS ss |
weakness, numbness, tingling, may progress in all limbs spastic paraparesis diplopia disequilibrium urinary optic atrophy nystagmus |
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MS diagnostic |
Never based on labs alone elevated CSF IgG MRI |
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MS management |
steroids hasten recovery from acute relapses, but no effect on long term antispasmodics interferons immunosuppressive plamapheresis |
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Bell's palse |
CN VII (facial) paralysis - abrupt onset pain about the eye and weakness Unable to move forehead ipsilateral resrtiction of eye closure |
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forehead movement |
Stroke - can move forehead of affected side Bell's palsy - can't move forhead |
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Bell's palsy tx |
prednisone acyclovir eye gtt |
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Trigeminal neuralgia |
CN V Stabbing, electric-shock |
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Trigeminal tx |
antiseizure durgs - carbamazepine muscle relaxants tricyclics |
