Anc Exam Ii Chapter 42 Glossary

Front 1

Acromegaly

Back 1

disease process from excessive secretion of somatotropin... cause progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts

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Addisonion crisis

Back 2

acute adrenocortical insufficiency... characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea and vomiting, and classic signs of shock... caused by stress or abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic glucocorticoids

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Addison's disease

Back 3

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency secondary to destruction of the adrenal glands

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adrenalectomy

Back 4

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 5

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and development

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adrenogenital syndrome

Back 6

masculinization in women, feminization in men, or premature sexual development in children. Caused by an abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens.

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Androgens

Back 7

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex... stimulate activity of accessory male sex organs and development of male sex characteristics

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basal metabolic rate (BMR)

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chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest

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calcitonin

Back 9

hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Participates in calcium regulation

Front 10

Chvostek's sign

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I'll spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping or the facial nerve

Front 11

corticosteroids

Back 11

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents, also referred to as adrenocortical hormone and adrenocortical steroid... consists of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

Front 12

Cretinism

Back 12

stunted body growth and mental development appearing during the first year of life as a result of congenital hypothyroidism

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Cushing syndrome

Back 13

a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex... characterized by moon face, acne, and hypertension

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diabetes insipidus

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condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of the deficient production of vasopressin

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dwarfism

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generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood

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endocrine

Back 16

secreting internally. Hormonal secretion of a ductless gland

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euthyroid

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state of normal thyroid hormone production

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exocrine

Back 18

secreting externally, hormonal secretion from excretory ducts

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exophthalmos

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abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

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glucocorticoids

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steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH... produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose

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goiter

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enlargement of the thyroid gland... usually caused by an iodine deficient diet

Front 22

Graves' disease

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a form of hyperthyroidism... characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmus

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Hypophysectomy

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removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland

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Mineralocorticoids

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steroid of the adrenal cortex

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Myxedema

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severe hypothyroidism characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in interstitial tissues, a masklike expression, puffy eyelids, loss of eyebrow hair, thick lips, and a broad tongue

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negative feedback

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regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of substance decreases or increases the function of the organ producing the substance

Front 27

oxytocin

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hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary... causes myometrial contraction at term and milk released during lactation

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pheochromocytoma

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chromaffin cell tumor, usually benign, located in the adrenal medulla... caused by secretion of catecholamines resulting in hypertension, severe headache, profuse sweating, visual blurring, anxiety, and nausea.

Front 29

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Back 29

excessive secretion of vasopressin from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level

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thyroidectomy

Back 30

surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland

Front 31

thyroiditis

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inflammation of the thyroid gland... may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously

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thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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release from the duce gland... causes stimulation of the thyroid resulting in release of T3 and T4

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thyroid storm

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severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress that characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia, and altered mental state

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thyrotoxicosis

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condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous hormone

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thyroxine (T4)

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thyroid hormone, active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid… deiodinated in the peripheral tissues to form triiodothyronine... maintains body metabolism in a steady state

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triiodothyronine (T3)

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biologically more active than thyroxine and has a faster onset... as a widespread effect on cellular metabolism

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vasopressin

Back 37

ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary... causes contraction of smooth muscle, particularly blood vessels