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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steps of digestive process
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ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation
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the stomachs job
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acidifies food, denature protein, chop down protein, absorb water and ethanol
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parts of the small intestine
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duodenum, illeum, jujunem
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duodenum
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raises pH levels and emulsifies fat
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Illeum/Jujunem
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broken down fats, starch and protein move through and between cells
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Pancreas
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releases amylase that breaks down starch
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Cecum
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fermentation of vfa's, lots of bacteria
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Large Intestine
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continues fermentation of vfa's, absorption of water, feces 50% bacteria resulting in energy loss
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Systematic energetic consequences of infection
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mediated by inflammatory cytokines, stimulator of inflammation causes fever, anorexia, lethargy.
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Name a pathogen and a few of its characteristics
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E.coli - releases toxins in the gut
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Name the first line of defense in the immune system
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physical - skin, mucus, urine, tears
chemical- pH, enzymes and proteins |
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Second line
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phagocytic white blood cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response
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Protein secretions
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lysozyme, lactoferrin, pH,
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lysozyme
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enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of bacterial cell well components, present in tears, blood stream.
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lactoferrin
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binds iron, key nutrient in the body, iron never found in a free state
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Body pH
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stomach 2.0, kills many bacteria,
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Macrophages
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coordinated metabolism to support immune function
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cecatrope
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Cecum empties, cecatrope is excreted separately from other feces, eats directly from anus, vitamins are absorbed 2nd time around.
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Gross energy
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is the heat combustion of a food sample, losses of gross energy from metabolism, thermogenesis, and digestion.
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The biological energy table
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Gross energy, Digestable energy, feces energy, metabolizable energy, urine and gaseous release energy, Net energy, Heat increment,
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the benefit of bacteria
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Provision of nutrients, bugs can provide protection against pathogens, takes up space in the gut
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Commensal Microflora
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Bacteria benefit from rich nutrients in gut, but does not benefit and is not harmed
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opportunistic pathogens
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normal members of the gut microflora and do not cause disease except for special circumstances which are: diet, immunosuppression
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Clostridium Perfingens
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is caused by stress, presence of coccidiosis and high protein diets
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