Anatomytest 3 Continued

Front 1

systole

Back 1

the period of time during which the heart is contracting.The time when the walls of the ventricles are contracting and the chambers are emptying of blood. syus

Front 2

systolic blood pressure

Back 2

measure of pressure while its contracting

Front 3

diastole

Back 3

when walls of chambers of ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood.

Front 4

diastolic blood pressure

Back 4

pressure of blood while its still.

Front 5

starlings heart law

Back 5

helps to describe the heart as having built in adjusting mechanism.

Front 6

volume on venous return

Back 6

blood returning to right atrium. Whenever more active venous return increases.

Front 7

ventricular stretch

Back 7

increased when active and venous return increased

Front 8

cardiac output

Back 8

measure of blood ejected from heart. about 5-5.5 liters. measure to efficiency of pump.

Front 9

where are decisions regarding heart function made?

Back 9

brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblangata)

Front 10

sympathetic (adrenergic) stimulation of the heart

Back 10

-ACTIVE
-helps to adjust cardiac function
-typically release norepinepherine which has impact on the workings of the ventricles

Front 11

sympathetic responses

Back 11

1. increased heart rate (positive chonotropic time)
2. increased strength of contraction (positive inotropic effect)
3. decreased AV node delay/a faster conduction time
4. increase in vasculation of coronary arteries/ skeletal muscle/live/adipose
5. increased vasoconstriction of digestive visceral kidneys/skin.

Front 12

parasympathetic(cholinergic) stimulation

Back 12

typically release acetylcholine which has impact on the workings of SA/AV node.

Front 13

parasympathetic responses

Back 13

1. decreased heart rate (negative chonotropic effect)
2. decreased stength of contraction (negative inotropic effect).
3. increased Av node delay/slower conduction time

Front 14

pulmonary ventilation

Back 14

increasing air flow into/back out of lungs. it's from this air oxygen is released.

Front 15

external respiration

Back 15

-takes places deep w/i the lungs
-between air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) and the blood vessels that surround them (capillaries).
-the first place we see an exchange of gases

Front 16

internal respiration

Back 16

the exchange of gases b/w capillaries and our cells that they surround

Front 17

celllar respiration

Back 17

-the reason we breathe
-takes place in the mitochondria
-internal/external resp is what makes sure that cellular resp has its oxygen
-most things occuring here are aerobic respiration

Front 18

conducting zone

Back 18

any parts of respiratory system that conduct air. INCLUDE: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Front 19

respiratory zone

Back 19

-NO SMOKING ZONE
- those features where u do see an exchange of gas
-INCLUDE: bronchioles, alveoli

Front 20

order which air flows in

Back 20

1. nose
2. pharynx
3. larynx
4. trachea
5. bronchi
6. bronchioles
7. lungs

Front 21

nose

Back 21

breathing in through the nose allows for moistening of air, warms air, filters air, contribution to speech, and smell

Front 22

pharynx

Back 22

makes up throat, its a tubular structure subdivided into nasopharynx (part behind nose), oropharynx (part behind mouth), laryngopharynx (behind larynx)

Front 23

larynx

Back 23

part of respiratory system that deals w/ vocals. held into position by hyoid bone and wallas are made of thyroid cartilage (adams apple) and crycoid cartilage.

Front 24

vocal folds

Back 24

vibration mechanisms in the larynx

Front 25

GLOTTIS

Back 25

formal opening to airway

Front 26

epiglottis

Back 26

elastic cartilage about glottis prevents materials from getting into airway.

Front 27

trachea

Back 27

our windpipe, tubes provide for ventilation. lining of internal surface of walls in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. walls are maintained by c-shaped ring (hyaline cartilage) the esophogus fits into

Front 28

bronchi

Back 28

divided into primary (serves lungs), secondary (lobar) serves each lobe of the lung, and tertiary (segmental) serve the segments of the lobes of the lungs

Front 29

bronchioles

Back 29

small bronchi, tiny tubes or airways.
-terminal the last part of conducting zone, conducting takes place here
-respiratory provide for both conduction/respiration

Front 30

lungs

Back 30

major organs of respiratory system when gas exchange takes place. the lungs are divided into lobes 2 on the left and 3 on the right.

Front 31

bronchopulmonary segments

Back 31

compartments that lobes of the lungs are divided into which are separated from one another by walls of connective tissue septa. this allows for better expansion or elasticity

Front 32

visceral pleura

Back 32

serous membrane covering surface of each lung

Front 33

parietal pleura

Back 33

serous membrane in lining of walls of lungs

Front 34

pleural (serous) fluid

Back 34

helps to lubricate surfaces and allow for movememnt

Front 35

pumlonary arteries

Back 35

moves deoxygenated blood to the lungs, then branch to form a netowkr of arterioles and then to form cappillaries which is where all exchanges of gas takes place. eventually blood returns to the heart by way of the venules.

Front 36

pulmonary ventilation

Back 36

moving air into/out of lungs

Front 37

medullary respiratory center

Back 37

the decision making area allowing to take next breath on/off switch. under control of medulla oblangata

Front 38

pneumotaxis respiratory center and apneustic respiratory center

Back 38

helps to shorten period of time for inspiration. under control of the pons

Front 39

functions of pulmonary ventilation

Back 39

1. increase % of blood oxygen
2. decrease % of blood carbon dioxide
3. thermoregulation
4. maintain water balance

Front 40

inspiration (inhalation)

Back 40

1. diaphram is under control of phrenic nerve and regulated contractions while external intercostal muscles are under control of intercostal nerves.
2. larger thoracic cavity increae volume
3. decrease alveolar air pressure (intrapulmonic air pressure)
4. inflow of air

Front 41

pulmonary ventilation

Back 41

moving air into/out of lungs

Front 42

medullary respiratory center

Back 42

the decision making area allowing to take next breath on/off switch. under control of medulla oblangata

Front 43

pneumotaxis respiratory center and apneustic respiratory center

Back 43

helps to shorten period of time for inspiration. under control of the pons

Front 44

functions of pulmonary ventilation

Back 44

1. increase % of blood oxygen
2. decrease % of blood carbon dioxide
3. thermoregulation
4. maintain water balance

Front 45

inspiration (inhalation)

Back 45

1. diaphram is under control of phrenic nerve and regulated contractions while external intercostal muscles are under control of intercostal nerves.
2. larger thoracic cavity increae volume
3. decrease alveolar air pressure (intrapulmonic air pressure)
4. inflow of air
5. lungs inflat eand expand

Front 46

expiration (exhalation)

Back 46

1. recoil of elastic tissues of thorax (elasticity)
2. relaxation of inspiratory muscle
3. smaller thorax cavity DECREASE VOLUME
4. INCREASES alveolar (intrapulmonic) air PRESSURE
5. air flows out from high pressure to low pressure.

Front 47

respiratory reserve volume

Back 47

-3100 ml
-volume air you can ihale above and beyond normal tidal volume

Front 48

tidal volume

Back 48

-500 ml
-the amt of air that can be forced out of thelungs at the end of maximal inspiration

Front 49

expiratory reserve volume

Back 49

-1200 ml
-The amount of additional air that can be breathed out after normal expiration.

Front 50

residual volume

Back 50

-1200 ml
-the amt of air left in lungs after maximal exhalation

Front 51

vital capacity

Back 51

-4800 ml
-IRV + TV + ERV

Front 52

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

Back 52

-6000 ML
-GRAND TOTAL

Front 53

P-WAVE OF EKG

Back 53

DEPOLARIZATION OF THE ATRIA

Front 54

QRS COMPLEX OF EKG

Back 54

VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION

Front 55

T-WAVE OF EKG

Back 55

UNIT OF FREQUENCY EQUAL TO 1 CYCLE PER SECOND

Front 56

P-R INTERVAL OF EKG

Back 56

NORMALLY .12-.20 SECONDS DURATION
- The time elapsing between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram; it corresponds to the atriocarotid interval of the venous pulse.