Anatomy Week 3 Bones

Front 1

Osteoblast

Back 1

Makes bone

Front 2

Osteoclast

Back 2

Brakes bone down

Front 3

Extracellular Matrix

Back 3

2/3 Calcium; 1/3 Collagen
Compressive & Tensile strength (ie. Hard yet not brittle)

Front 4

Compact bone

Back 4

on the outside  Hard, protective, outer shell

Front 5

Spongy bone

Back 5

on the inside resembles scaffolding that run along the lines of stress, Trabeculae

Front 6

articular cartilage

Back 6

resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue that forms parts of the skeleton where more flexibility is required.
Blood vessels do not enter cartilage, consequently, its cells obtain oxygen and nutrients by diffusion.

Front 7

periosteum

Back 7

A fibrous connective tissue covering that surrounds each skeletal element like a sleeve, except where articular cartilage occurs. capable of laying down more cartilage or
bone
provide the
interface for attachment of tendons and ligaments.

Front 8

perichondrium

Back 8

A fibrous connective tissue covering that surrounds cartilage. capable of laying down more cartilage or
bone
provide the
interface for attachment of tendons and ligaments.

Front 9

medullary cavity

Back 9

yellow
(fatty) or red (blood cell and platelet forming) bone marrow—
or a combination of both—is found.

Front 10

Bone markings

Back 10

appear wherever tendons, ligaments, and
fascias are attached or where arteries lie adjacent to or enter
bones.

Front 11

intramembraneous ossification

Back 11

mesenchymal bone models are formed during
the embryonic and prenatal periods

Front 12

endochondral
ossification

Back 12

cartilage models are formed during
the fetal period, with bone subsequently replacing most of
the cartilage after birth.

Front 13

primary ossification
center

Back 13

bone tissue it forms replaces
most of the cartilage in the main body of the bone model

Front 14

diaphysis

Back 14

The
shaft of a bone ossified from the primary ossification which grows as the bone develops

Front 15

secondary ossification centers

Back 15

appear in other
parts of the developing bone after birth

Front 16

epiphyses

Back 16

parts of a bone
ossified from secondary ossification centers

Front 17

Development and growth of a long bone

Back 17

Front 18

nutrient artery

Back 18

arise as independent branches of adjacent arteries outside the periosteum and pass obliquely through the compact bone of the shaft of a long bone via nutrient foramina divides in the medullary cavity into longitudinal branches that proceed toward each end, supplying the bone marrow, spongy bone, and deeper portions of the compact bone

Front 19

How is compact bone nourished?

Back 19

many small branches from the periosteal arteries of
the periosteum are responsible for nourishment of most of the compact bone.

Front 20

How are the ends of the bone nourished?

Back 20

The ends of the
bones are supplied by metaphysial and epiphysial arteries that
arise mainly from the arteries that supply the joints.

Front 21

Nerve supply of bones?

Back 21

Nerves accompany blood vessels supplying bones. The
periosteum is richly supplied with sensory nerves—periosteal nerves—that carry pain fibers. The periosteum is especially sensitive to tearing or tension, which explains the acute pain from bone fractures. Bone itself is relatively sparsely supplied with sensory endings. Within bones, vasomotor nerves cause constriction or dilation of blood vessels, regulating blood flow through the bone marrow.

Front 22

Long bones

Back 22

are tubular (e.g., the humerus in the arm).

Front 23

Short bones

Back 23

are cuboidal and are found only in the tarsus
(ankle) and carpus (wrist).

Front 24

Flat bones

Back 24

usually serve protective functions (e.g., the flat
bones of the cranium protect the brain).

Front 25

Irregular bones

Back 25

have various shapes other than long, short,
or flat (e.g., bones of the face).

Front 26

Sesamoid bones

Back 26

(e.g., the patella or knee cap) develop in
certain tendons and are found where tendons cross the
ends of long bones in the limbs; they protect the tendons
from excessive wear and often change the angle of the tendons
as they pass to their attachments.